How Does The Quick Search Feature Work?

I need to implement a Quick search feature in my employee application.

So that when any text is typed into the textbox, it searches the db for a match:

e.g.
firstname
lastname
ss#
employeeId
deptId
officelocation
deptname

It returns the record in the employee table that consist of the text typed in the search box. Most websites have this quick search feature (blanket search..is that what it's called?) and a link for advanced search, where they can select specific fields to search.