Use Query Generated Field As Criteria For Another Query?

I am trying to use a single record and cell of data generated from a query as criteria in another query but can't figure out how to do it? Is there a way to reference a query field in the criteria in design view of another query?

Details:

I have a table of data for each month with supplier codes in each table, but no date field.

I am trying to build a query that will automatically pick the most recent month of data. I have built a query that uses an iif statement in SQL assigning a number to the most recent month of data and then I am using the max filter in that query to show the single highest number (But this logic misses suppliers some suppliers but does assign a number to the most recent set of data). In this case its 2 for february data. I want to use this digit to filter a seperate criteria that will show me all the supplier codes for the month of february. One problem is that some suppliers are in every month others, come and go throughout the year, so I have to assign this criteria for each month. Therefore I want to use the 2 from the first query and plug that into each criteria section under each month field of the second query.

The other option that I can think of but can't seem to find a fix, is to merge all 12 tables so there are duplicate entries and can have a date or number assigned for each month that the supplier code shows up, then just use the max number. I can't seem to find a way to add all the codes creating duplicates into one field. I used a union query but there are no duplicates with this method thus foiling my plan.

Please help
Thanks for reading