Constraints And Keys
Feb 5, 2008
Hello:
I have the followig table that has constraints:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[MD_HIERARCHY](
[MedDRA_Version_No_C] [varchar](10) NULL,
[PT_ID_N] [bigint] NULL,
[HLT_ID_N] [bigint] NULL,
[HLGT_ID_N] [char](18) NULL,
[SOC_ID_N] [bigint] NULL,
[PT_C] [varchar](100) NOT NULL,
[HLT_C] [varchar](100) NOT NULL,
[HLGT_C] [varchar](10) NOT NULL,
[SOC_C] [varchar](100) NOT NULL,
[SOC_Abbr_C] [varchar](5) NOT NULL,
[Null_Field_C] [char](1) NULL,
[PT_SOC_ID_N] [bigint] NULL,
[Primary_SOC_Flag_C] [char](1) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING OFF
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[MD_HIERARCHY] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [R_14] FOREIGN KEY([MedDRA_Version_No_C], [PT_ID_N])
REFERENCES [dbo].[PT] ([MedDRA_Version_No_C], [PT_ID_N])
ON DELETE CASCADE
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[MD_HIERARCHY] CHECK CONSTRAINT [R_14]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[MD_HIERARCHY] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [R_15] FOREIGN KEY([MedDRA_Version_No_C], [HLT_ID_N])
REFERENCES [dbo].[HLT] ([MedDRA_Version_No_C], [HLT_ID_N])
ON DELETE CASCADE
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[MD_HIERARCHY] CHECK CONSTRAINT [R_15]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[MD_HIERARCHY] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [R_16] FOREIGN KEY([MedDRA_Version_No_C], [HLGT_ID_N])
REFERENCES [dbo].[HLGT] ([MedDRA_Version_No_C], [HLGT_ID_N])
ON DELETE CASCADE
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[MD_HIERARCHY] CHECK CONSTRAINT [R_16]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[MD_HIERARCHY] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [R_17] FOREIGN KEY([MedDRA_Version_No_C], [SOC_ID_N])
REFERENCES [dbo].[SOC] ([MedDRA_Version_No_C], [SOC_ID_N])
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[MD_HIERARCHY] CHECK CONSTRAINT [R_17]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[MD_HIERARCHY] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [R_18] FOREIGN KEY([MedDRA_Version_No_C], [PT_SOC_ID_N])
REFERENCES [dbo].[SOC] ([MedDRA_Version_No_C], [SOC_ID_N])
ON DELETE CASCADE
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[MD_HIERARCHY] CHECK CONSTRAINT [R_18]
But when I click on the constarinst folder, it's empty. However, these constrainst show up under Keys.
Can somebody tell me why? Does this tell me that keys and constraints are one and the same?
venki
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Nov 17, 2005
Ok, so I've broken down and decided to write myself an invoicing
program. I'd like to use GUID fields as the Primary Keys in my
table. Now, I basicly bill for two seperate items:
Deliverables and Services.
So, my Layout's gonna look something like
Create Table Invoice(
ID UniqueIdentifier Primary Key,
-- Other Data
);
Create Deliverable(
ID uniqueidentifier Primary Key,
ParentInvoice uniqueidentifier,
-- Other data);
--...
Im sure there are probems with that as it's written feel free to edify me as to what they are.
my questions are such:
1) Does a uniqueidentifier field automagically get a value?
2) If not how do I generate one in TSQL?
3) If so, what do I use to store my Foreign Keys.
4) How do I declare my Foreign key constraints?
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Jan 9, 2007
I know this is probably a flick of a switch but I cannot figure out which switch. Setup is SQL Server / Stored Procedures / DAL / BLL(skipped for testing) / PL. The stored procedure queries from only one table and two columns are ignored because they are being phased out. I can run the stored procedure and preview the data in the DAL but when I create a page with an ODS linked to the DAL and a GridView I get this error. I checked every column that does not allow nulls and they all have values. I checked unique columns (ID is the only unique and is Identity=Yes in the table definition). I checked foreign-key columns for values that are not in the foreign table and there are none. Any ideas why do I get this?
Failed to enable constraints. One or more rows contain values violating non-null, unique, or foreign-key constraints.
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Jan 17, 2008
Hi,
I am getting the above error when trying to load a report into my Web Application, I have tracked the error down to one specific field in my database. Even though this field is a NVarChar field and is of size 30 it would seem that there is an issue returning the value from the field. I can write it into the database no problems but when I try to get it out of the database it returns the above error.
e.g
MOB 401.908.804 - Fails
0401.907.324 - okay
8239 9082 (pager) - fails
Anyone got an idea on how to fix this????
Regards..
Peter.
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Apr 11, 2006
Hello again,
I'm going through my tables and rewriting them so that I can create relationship-based constraints and create foreign keys among my tables. I didn't have a problem with a few of the tables but I seem to have come across a slightly confusing hiccup.
Here's the query for my Classes table:
Code:
CREATE TABLE Classes
(
class_id
INT
IDENTITY
PRIMARY KEY
NOT NULL,
teacher_id
INT
NOT NULL,
class_title
VARCHAR(50)
NOT NULL,
class_grade
SMALLINT
NOT NULL
DEFAULT 6,
class_tardies
SMALLINT
NOT NULL
DEFAULT 0,
class_absences
SMALLINT
NOT NULL
DEFAULT 0,
CONSTRAINT Teacher_instructs_ClassFKIndex1 FOREIGN KEY (teacher_id)
REFERENCES Users (user_id)
)
This statement runs without problems and I Create the relationship with my Users table just fine, having renamed it to teacher_id. I have a 1:n relationship between users and tables AND an n:m relationship because a user can be a student or a teacher, the difference is one field, user_type, which denotes what type of user a person is. In any case, the relationship that's 1:n from users to classes is that of the teacher instructing the class. The problem exists when I run my query for the intermediary table between the class and the gradebook:
Code:
CREATE TABLE Classes_have_Grades
(
class_id
INT
PRIMARY KEY
NOT NULL,
teacher_id
INT
NOT NULL,
grade_id
INT
NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT Grades_for_ClassesFKIndex1 FOREIGN KEY (grade_id)
REFERENCES Grades (grade_id),
CONSTRAINT Classes_have_gradesFKIndex2 FOREIGN KEY (class_id, teacher_id)
REFERENCES Classes (class_id, teacher_id)
)
Query Analyzer spits out: Quote: Originally Posted by Query Analyzer There are no primary or candidate keys in the referenced table 'Classes' that match the referencing column list in the foreign key 'Classes_have_gradesFKIndex2'. Now, I know in SQL Server 2000 you can only have one primary key. Does that mean I can have a multi-columned Primary key (which is in fact what I would like) or does that mean that just one field can be a primary key and that a table can have only the one primary key?
In addition, what is a "candidate" key? Will making the other fields "Candidate" keys solve my problem?
Thank you for your assistance.
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Jul 16, 2014
what the best practice is for creating indexes on columns that are foreign keys to the primary keys of other tables. For example:
[Schools] [Students]
---------------- -----------------
| SchoolId PK|<-. | StudentId PK|
| SchoolName | '--| SchoolId |
---------------- | StudentName |
-----------------
The foreign key above is as:
ALTER TABLE [Students] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Students_Schools]
FOREIGN KEY([SchoolId]) REFERENCES [Schools] ([SchoolId])
What kind of index would ensure best performance for INSERTs/UPDATEs, so that SQL Server can most efficiently check the FK constraints? Would it be simply:
CREATE INDEX IX_Students_SchlId ON Students (SchoolId)
Or
CREATE INDEX IX_Students_SchlId ON Students (SchoolId, StudentId)
In other words, what's best practice for adding an index which best supports a Foreign Key constraint?
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May 16, 2008
Pls let me know How I generate script for All primary keys and foreign keys in a table. Thereafter that can be used to add primary keys and foreign keys in another databse with same structure.
Also how I script default and other constraints of a table?
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Jul 15, 2002
Can somebody explain to me how to best do inserts where you have primary keys and foreign keys.l'm battling.
Is there an article on primary keys/Pk ?
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Nov 22, 2007
Hello!I have a table A with fields id,startdate and other fields. id and startdateare in the primary key.In the table B I want to introduce a Foreign key to field id of table A.Is this possible? If yes, which kind of key I have to build in table A?Thx in advance,Fritz
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Aug 13, 2007
Hi,
I have recently been looking at a database and wondered if anyone can tell me what the advantages are supporting a unique collumn, which can essentially be seen as the primary key, with an identity seed integer primary key.
For example:
id [unique integer auto incremented primary key - not null],
ClientCode [unique index varchar - not null],
name [varchar null],
surname [varchar null]
isn't it just better to use ClientCode as the primary key straight of because when one references the above table, it can be done easier with the ClientCode since you dont have to do a lookup on the ClientCode everytime.
Regards
Mike
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Oct 15, 2006
I'm using MS SQL 2000 with enterprise manager I have a customers table called high_customer, it has a primary key called IDI have an invoices table called high_invoices, it has no primary keys but it does have a column for customer ID.I want to set it so if a customer is deleted from the customers table, any invoices with that customerID are deleted from the invoices table.Do I need to specify a constraint? If so how do I do it in enterprise manager.Thanks
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Apr 27, 2005
Hi,
I have the following problem:
I have a table called Jobs with the fields:
JobNumber, Name, Customer, ...
And a table called Customers with the fields:
ID, Name, Address, ...
Obviously Jobs is linked to Customers with the Customer<->ID fields. I want to set it up so that if a Customer is deleted, then any Jobs that had that customer listed now have the Customer field set to NULL. Can I do this with a constraint, or will I need to use a trigger?
Cheers,Little'un
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Feb 27, 2001
Hello,
I am not a DBA and I need to do the following.
I have 2 tables A and C and both have a common fileds say emp.Emp is pkey in C .
There can be a record in C but not in A.If a record is inserted in A then it checks for the same employee info in C .If not found it do not allow to insert a record in A.
How to go for it?
Thanks!
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Feb 5, 2004
Hiya peops!!
Listen i was wondering if anyone could tell me whether they know the correct syntax for creating constraints or where i could find it on the net???
Thanks
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Feb 5, 2004
Hiya peops
im creating a constraint using enterprise manager for 1 of my tables n was wondering how u constructively create a constraint expression, there is a specific style,right??
Thanks
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Nov 20, 2007
hi there,
i have added my tables and defined foreig keys and primary keys for my table, but when i try to put the data it gives me some error reagards to parent key..and it wont let me drop the table... can anybody tell me how to drop the foregin key..i have tried (
ALTER TABLE module DROP CONSTRAINT ATTENDANCEID_FK;)
this formula and it wont work,
heres my tables and relationships:
CREATE TABLE ATTENDANCE
(ATTENDANCEID char(4) NOT NULL,
StudID char(4) NOT NULL,
ModuleID char(4) NOT NULL,
Week1 VARCHAR(10),
Week2 VARCHAR(10),
Week3 VARCHAR(10),
Week4 VARCHAR(10),
Week5 VARCHAR(10),
Week6 VARCHAR(10),
PRIMARY KEY (ATTENDANCEID));
ALTER TABLE ATTENDANCE
ADD FOREIGN KEY (studID) REFERENCES student(studID);
ALTER TABLE ATTENDANCE
FOREIGN KEY (moduleID) REFERENCES module(moduleID));
insert into ATTENDANCE values
('F1','A1','E1','Yes','Yes','Yes','Yes','Yes','Yes');
insert into ATTENDANCE values
('F2','A2','E2','Yes','No','Yes','Yes','No','Yes');
insert into ATTENDANCE values
('F3','A3','E2','Yes','Yes','Yes','No','Yes','Yes');
insert into ATTENDANCE values
('F4','A4','E2','Yes','Yes','Yes','Yes','No','Yes');
insert into ATTENDANCE values
('F5','A5','E1''Yes','Yes','No','Yes','Yes','Yes');
insert into ATTENDANCE values
('F6','A6','E2','Yes','Yes','Yes','Yes','Yes','No');
insert into ATTENDANCE values
('F7','A7','E1','Yes','Yes','Yes','Yes','No','No');
insert into ATTENDANCE values
('F8','A8','E2','Yes','Yes','Yes','No','Yes','Yes');
insert into ATTENDANCE values
('F9','A9','E3','Yes','Yes','No','Yes','Yes','Yes');
CREATE TABLE MODULE
(ModuleID char(4) NOT NULL,
ATTENDANCEID char(4) NOT NULL,
ModuleName varchar(45),
ModuleCode varchar(6),
PRIMARY KEY (ModuleID));
ALTER TABLE MODULE
ADD FOREIGN KEY (attendanceID) REFERENCES attendance(attendanceID);
insert into MODULE values
('E1','F1','Workshop Research and Project Implementation','Im3023');
insert into MODULE values
('E2','F2','Advanced Database Development','SD3042');
insert into MODULE values
('E3','F3','Advacned Information Systems Develpment','SD3043');
charles
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Dec 11, 2007
I am fairly new at SQL and also new to this forum. So I don't know if this topic belongs here or not.
But anyways, I found this tutorial online. However, I am having trouble completing it. Can someone please help me?
Given the following table definitions:
CREATE TABLE USERS
(
USERID CHAR(5) PRIMARY KEY,
NAME VARCHAR(30),
RATING CHAR(1) CHECK (RATING IN (A, B,C,D)
)
CREATE TABLE ITEMS
(
ITEM_NO NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(50),
OFFERED_BY CHAR(5) REFERENCES USERS(USERID) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE,
START_DATE DATETIME,
END_DATE DATETIME,
RESERVE_PRICE NUMBER
)
CREATE TABLE BIDS
(
USERID CHAR(5) REFERENCES USERS ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE SET NULL,
ITEMNO NUMBER REFERENCES ITEMS(ITEM_NO) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE,
BID NUMBER,
BID_DATE DATETIME,
PRIMARY KEY(USERID,ITEMNO,BID_DATE)
)
Directions: Indicate whether the statement is accepted or rejected; and if accepted indicate its effects. Evaluate each statement INDEPENDENTLY.
1) INSERT INTO ITEMS VALUES(1009, Red Bicycle,U01,1999-01-08, 1999-02-10, 30)
2) UPDATE ITEMS SET ITEMNO=1008 where ITEMNO=1001
3) DELETE FROM ITEMS WHERE ITEMNO=1005
4) INSERT INTO ITEMS VALUES(1010, Green Bicycle,U07,1999-01-08, 1999-02-10, 30)
5) UPDATE BIDS SET ITEMNO=1011 WHERE ITEMNO = 1001
6) DELETE FROM USERS WHERE USERID=U01
7) UPDATE ITEMS SET ITEMNO=1020 WHERE ITEMNO=1001
8) DELETE FROM BIDS WHERE BID > 1001
Thanks. I would greatly appreciate your help.
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Dec 7, 2007
My table structure is something like this :
ORDER_ITEM (OrderSK, ItemNumber, Qty, ServiceSK, UnitPrice)
SERVICE (ServiceSK, Description, UnitPrice)
How could I modify the database structure to enforce the data constraint that ORDER_ITEM.UnitPrice must be equal to SERVICE.UnitPrice for the corresponding service.
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Jan 23, 2004
i have a question about constraints in SQL server.
i have three tables:
Client
---------
clientID
name
etc...
Bank
-------
BankID (a virtual number, identity)
ClientID (FK: Client)
BankAccountNumber
BankName
Order
--------
OrderID
ClientID
BankID
a Client an have one or more bankAccounts.. if he place an order, he can select wich bankaccount will be used to pay.
how do i have to set the constraints so that the bankAccount in Order, is allways of THAT client in order.???
Thanx...
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Jul 17, 2004
I have to change someones username in my database in a couple of tables. When I try to make any changes, I get an error that there is a constraint. Is there a way to make the changes without removing all the constraints then replacing them?
Thanks
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Nov 30, 2001
Hi,
Just getting into scripting sql. I have a little script that adds and drops a default value for a column. But I cannot get it to run when the column already has a default value specified. If I didn't script the contraint and specify a name I have no name to specify when trying to drop it.
ALTER TABLE users ADD CONSTRAINT dev1 DEFAULT 1 FOR ns_email_flag
ALTER TABLE users DROP CONSTRAINT dev1
How do I remove any existing default values using script?
TIA,
Seoras.
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May 4, 2001
How does one know what a particular trigger or constraint is supposed to be doing on a table. I am just two days old on this position, and no form of documentation, at the same time I am expected to trouble-shoot some error messages. Thanks for your help.
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Sep 18, 2001
When I first set up my database, I set it up with many unique constraints, but not much in the way if indexes. After reading more about the benefits of indexes, I'm thinking of deleting many of the unique constraints, and replacing them with unique indexes where appropriate.
It seems that indexes would be better than unique constraints in many cases, because you have the double benefit of enforcing uniqueness, as well as improving sorting capability. Does this make sense?
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Apr 30, 2000
Hi folks,
Wonder if I'm onto something....everything I've read says that to drop foreign key constraints, you have to drop/recreate the table.
I've been able to dynamically create the ALTER TABLE statements for all FK constraints in a database. The way I did was a little convoluted (Access 97 linked tables and pass-through queries, cut/paste from the debug window to SQL7 QA), but it does work. More importantly, it saves the hassle of dropping/recreating tables....Someone with more expertise than I in using nested cursors could probably convert it to pure T-SQL pretty easily.
Just curious...opinions? Be glad to post the code here if that's appropriate.
Dan
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Dec 1, 2000
How do i create a check constraints on column a so it dose not accept $ character? syntax pls.
Thanks
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Sep 25, 2002
Can anyone recommend a good article/book on the subject? I am trying to find out more about compound primary keys. How many is “too many”? Does the number of primary key columns affect your performance? If so, how does it affect it? Should some of the constraints be handled from stored procedures?
Any response is greatly appreciated.
:cool:
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Dec 29, 2006
Executed as user: companyadmin user. Violation of PRIMARY KEY constraint 'PK_tblRMAProduct'. Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'tblRMAProduct'. [SQLSTATE 23000] (Error 2627) The statement has been terminated. [SQLSTATE 01000] (Error 3621). The step failed.
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May 4, 2002
Hi,
I am developing a database for my company in SQL server 2000 and I have some
few problems.
Firstly.
I have a customers table and orders table in my DB:
Customers Orders
--------- ------
CustID (primary key) ----------------< CustID
. ^ ProductID
. | Quantity
. | .
. | .
etc. | etc.
|
relationship
(one to many)
What I want to do is:
1) to be able to delete a Customer and automaticaly SQL server delete all the
orders that this customer done from the Orders table.
2) If for some reason the CustomerID changes, SQL should be able to
automaticaly update the necessary fields with the new values in the Orders
table.
Finally, 3) I want to be able to insert a new customer that has an order
and update both the Customers table and Orders table automaticaly. e.g
CustID Name Address ProductID Quantity etc.
------ ---- ------- --------- -------- ----
10-003 John London 33-25 2 ...
Such a kind of insert should add automaticaly the following entries in the
two tables:
Customers Orders
--------- ------
CustID (10-003) CustID (10-003)
Name (John) ProductID (33-25)
Address(London) Quantity (2)
. .
. .
etc. etc.
A friend of mine told me that this can be done using Foreign Check constraints
in SQL server. But I do not know what to do.
Can anybody help me please?
Thank you very much.
Efthymios Kalyviotis
ekalyviotis@comerclub.gr
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May 20, 2002
I have a question regarding the use of check constraints. I see how to set it up to make sure a value entered is one of a list using this syntax:
([eft_vc] = 'No' or [eft_vc] = 'Yes')
However, rather than have to hard code the allowable values, I'd like to have them read off another table. The logic would be as follows:
([eft_vc] in (select * from eft_t))
When I try to put this in, I get a message saying that constraints do not support subqueries. Does anyone know of a way around this?
thank you,
Darell
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Nov 1, 2001
What is the difference between creating a Unique Constraint and Unique Index? How does creating Index/Constraint affect my performance and db size?
Thank you.
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Jul 4, 2004
Can someone help me with this check constraint. I'm trying to get it runned on MS SQL Server but it seems the syntax isn't correct
check((Derived_Val=0) or ((select count(*) from Stage_One where Task=U_Id and Quantity is null)=0))
Thanx
j2dizzo
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Apr 7, 2005
I am Trying to add a check constraint that if the paymenttotal is 0 the column is allowed to have null and if its greater then 0 it is not allow to have null. Here is what I have so far but i get some syntax errors, See if you can see what im doing wrong and how to get this to be valid. Thanks
heres what I got so far
Code:
ALTER TABLE Invoices WITH CHECK
PaymentDate SMALLDATETIME NULL,
CHECK (PaymentTotal = 0)
PaymentDate SMALLDATETIME NOT NULL,
CHECK (PaymentTotal > 0)
I also had this before i changed it to that and I got syntax erros as well but i dunno which is closer.
Code:
ALTER TABLE Invoices [WITH CHECK]
ADD CHECK (PaymentTotal = 0), PaymentDate SMALLDATETIME NULL,
ADD CHECK (PaymentTotal > 0), PaymentDate SMALLDATETIME NOT NULL
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Mar 2, 2006
Can someone give me some good examples of check constraints that I can apply to my fields.
For example can I apply a constraint on a name field, at the moment I use one for the date but would like to know many more.
So if anyone has any useful check constraints handy then please tell.
Thanks
Liz
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