INFORMATION_SCHEMA Query Question: Constraint Columns
Jul 20, 2005
Hi Folks:
I'm a little new to SQLServer, so please pardon my ignorance!
I've found the INFORMATION_SCHEMA views for TABLES, COLUMNS, and
TABLE_CONSTRAINTS. I'm looking for the views that will give me the list of
columns by constraint.
For instance, if Table1 has a unique key called Table1_UK01, I can find that
under INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS. But I also need to know the
columns in that UK constraint. I've tried
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE and
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE, but the UK I have defined for this user
table doesn't seem to show up in either of those views.
Can anyone point me in the right direction? Any sample queries would be
tremendously appreciated. I'm going to be using this meta-data to
automatically generate quite a bundle of stored procs that do updates based
on finding rows via unique keys...
TIA,
Dave
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Oct 18, 2005
Hi:
I need to change a column default to '' and not null for 1500 databases accross 10 servers.
if exists (select * from information_schema.columns
where table_name = 'tblABC'
and column_name = 'columnX'
and data_type = 'VARCHAR'
and is_nullable = 'No'
and column_default = '('')'
)
begin
--do something to implement
end
Here, there is a problem for and column_default = '('')'
I have tried ''''+'('')' + '''' or "'('')'", neither works.
Do you have any idea to deal with the ('') ?
thanks
-D
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Jul 20, 2005
I ran the following query in Query Analyzer for a 7 column table.SELECT c.name,c.colid FROM syscolumns c WHERE c.id=925962375 ORDER BYc.colidThe results were:I_CSD 1X_STE_XML2I_USR_LCK4T_CRT_RCD5I_USR_CRT_RCD6T_UDT_RCD7I_USR_UDT_RCD8If I use the information_schema view (SELECT column_name,ordinal_position FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name ='CSD_XML') I get the same results.The problem is that the colids go from 2 to 4 and the colids gothrough 8 when there are only 7 columns.At one time there was another column in the table, but it has sincebeen dropped and isn't there anymore. It seems that the colids insyscolumns did not update when the column was dropped.Is this because of the way I dropped the column? Is there anything Ican do now that it has happened?
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Oct 28, 2003
I need to setup a constraint to 2 columns(combine keys). Is there a way to accomplish this without using trigger?
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Oct 31, 2005
Can you create a unique constraint on multiple columns, or does it haveto be implemented as a unique index?If possible can someone please post some sample code?Thanks,
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Jul 25, 2014
I have a case where if the Id field is a specific value, I don't want to allow null in another field, but if the Id value <> a specific value, null is ok.
In the example below, inserting the first record should succeed, the second should succeed, and the 3rd should fail. Right now the 2nd two fail. I gotta be missing something easy, but I can't figure it out.
USE tempdb
GO
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.CheckConstraintTest') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE tempdb.dbo.CheckConstraintTest;
CREATE TABLE CheckConstraintTest
[Code] .....
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Jun 20, 2008
Hi Guys.
I have a problem. I have two feilds in a table. Both of them are (int). I want to be able make sure the same number is not put in both columns for each row. Both colums have to be a different number, and also if one is null, the other cannot be. How do I go about enforcing this policy?
For Example:
This is what I want
ID Column1 Column2
--- -------- ---------
1 5 8
2 5 7
3 null 10
4 6 2
This is what I DO NOT want:
ID Column1 Column2
--- -------- ---------
1 5 5
2 5 5
3 7 7
4 null null
I created a unique constraint between the 2 columns, but it still allows dups within the row. Please help me.
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May 5, 2008
I am trying to create a Unique Constraint on a SQL Server 2005 table where the uniqueness is based on 2 columns.
Could anybody provided some help on how I could enforce this on an existing table (link, or example) I have been looking around without luck.
Thanks in advance
John.
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Oct 26, 2007
Are there any vices to using default constraints on all columns in your table.
For example an Int that defaults to 0
or a char or varchar that defaults to ''
I know that 0 and Null are not the same thing. But if your programs don't have the concept of NULL then you have to convert the NULL to zero.
So, DEFAULT CONSTRAINTS on every column. Is it good or Bad?
Thanks
Darin Clark
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Oct 27, 2015
We are on SQL 2014...we have a bunch of views in a database where we are trying to find the views which have more than 16 columns max for unique index/constraint...this is needed so we can convert them to indexed views...
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Sep 5, 2015
I am really puzzled by an apparent difference between table index key column order and its statistics order. I was under understanding that index statistics mirror index definition. However, in my db 2470 index ordinal definitions match statistics definition but 66 do not. I also can reproduce such discrepancy in 2008 R2, 2012 and 2014.
As per definition,
stats_column_id
int
1-based ordinal within set of stats columns
This script duplicates this for me.
BEGIN TRAN
GO
use tempdb
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ItemProperties](
[itmID] [int] NOT NULL,
[cpID] [smallint] NOT NULL,
[ipuID] [tinyint] NOT NULL,
[Code] ....
The result I get is this:
object_id      stats_name                                    Â
stats_column_list
1525580473 PK_ItemProperties_itmID_ipuID_cpID itmID, cpID, ipuID,
and
object_id      index_name                                    Â
index_column_list
1525580473 PK_ItemProperties_itmID_ipuID_cpID itmID, ipuID, cpID,
Also a query I used to discover this in my db is:
WITH stat AS
(
SELECT
s.object_id
,s.name as stats_name
,(
SELECT
c.name + ', ' as [data()]
FROM sys.stats_columns as sc
[Code] .....
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Aug 17, 2006
Dear all,
In my current database design, there is one table (PState) which has a Primary Key (int) and a few other fields.
During development, a pattern started to arise; for certain rows in PState, I wanted to specify an additional set of columns (over 10 of them with quite large lengths) for each row in PState. However, as these additional columns would only be required in approximately 20% of the rows of PState, there would be plenty of NULL values in PState if I would make this table wider than necessary. So, I decided to create a separate table with those optional columns (PStateWFI). In order to attach these additional columns in PStateWFI to PState in the cases they were needed, I would obviously have to create a Foreign Key constraint on the Primary Key of PStateWFI so that these optional rows would know which row in PState they would belong to.
However, the problem with this approach is that one could define multiple rows in PStateWFI referring to the same row in PState, which would not make sense. Thus, a UNIQUE index constraint added to the constrained ID column in PStateWFI would make sense to ensure that there could only be one set of optional columns added to each row in PState. But now, when adding the UNIQUE index, the FK constraint started to appear as a bidirectional key link in the Diagram; hence, new entries in PState would have to meet a FK constraint based on PStateWFI, which was not intended.
Hence, I had to create a quite awkward design to enforce the constraints:
1. The PState table has a Primary Key (PState.ParticleID, int, Identity Specification: Yes)
2. The PStateWFI table has a Primary Key (PstateWFIID, int, Identity Specification: Yes)
3. PStateWFI has field "PStateID" which has a FK constraint to PState.ParticleID (which is a one-way constraint operating in the correct way and does not constrain insertions in PState)
4. PStateWFI has an additional column ParticleIDIndex which has a UNIQUE Index attached to it.
5. There is a check constraint on PStateWFI enforcing PStateWFI.ParticleIDIndex = PStateWFI.ParticleID.
Although this structure does the job, it makes it necessary to add a redundant column in PStateWFI by duplicating the PStateWFI.ParticleID into PStateWFI.ParticleIDIndex, since I can't create a UNIQUE index on PStateWFI.ParticleID without constraining the PState table as well. So, insertions into this table would have to insert the same value into two columns. Not a big deal, but appears slightly ugly.
Basically I'd hope someone could explain why a bidirectional FK constraint has to be enforced on the primary key table in a relationship when the constrained column in the primary key table has a UNIQUE index attached on it. I have a few other cases where the above approach would benefit from a more clear structure.
Thanks in advance for any advice.
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Mar 28, 2008
Hi to all,
I'm using SQL Server 2005. May I know where the INFORMATION_SCHEMA
is found, can we view this by object explorer.
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Feb 24, 2004
Hello,
When the procedure : sp_tables is executed (master db), the table owners are either dbo or INFORMATION_SCHEMA,
any detail about this last ? (to be precise, table_type is view and not table).
Thanks
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Feb 13, 2007
I'm having a really hard time displaying the structure of my database using INFORMATION_SCHEMA. Can this be used with Access? I've used it before for sql databases but when I try it with this access one I get an error message telling me: Can't find file c:...INFORMATION_SCHEMA.mdb
I'm hoping maybe there's another command that works just as well or some other way to get around it.
I'm using Visual Web Developer 2005 Express
and my .aspx pages are coded using VB so any insights would be awesome!
Thanks much,
~UNI
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Jul 20, 2005
Hi I need to see all the indexes in a database. The ID has dbo rightsto the database, but not to the master. I can't see anything inINFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS orINFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGEAn sa ID for the master sees everything however.Thanks for your helpPachydermitis
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Oct 24, 2007
Hi,
I'd like to get information about tables defined in the SqlCe20 database. So I tried to use the following which doesn't work:
string sql = "SELECT COLUMN_NAME AS CN FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME = ?"cmd = new SqlCeCommand(sql, connection);cmd.Parameters.Add(newSqlCeDataParameter("A", DbTypes.NVarChar);cmd.Prepare();//later in codecmd.Parameters[0].Value = tableName;reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();while (reader.Read())....
Here the reader.Read() returns always false indepent of the table name.
In contrast doing the following without parameter works as expected:
reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(string.Format("SELECT COLUMN_NAME AS CN FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME = '{0}'", tableName));
while (reader.Read())
Because I have to execute this statemen often I have to use prepared statement with parameters.
How can I get it working?
Miroslaw
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Mar 1, 2005
say i have a query like:
UPDATE table SET status = 1 WHERE id = 1000
if i have a trigger on that table, is there anyway i can get the id ?
i know i can get the status by SELECT status FROM Inserted, but anyway to get what the id is? or would i just have to update the id as well?
thanks
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Sep 10, 2007
I am working on a Statistical Reporting system where:
Data Repository: SQL Server 2005
Business Logic Tier: Views, User Defined Functions, Stored Procedures
Data Access Tier: Stored Procedures
Presentation Tier: Reporting ServicesThe end user will be able to slice & dice the data for the report by
different organizational hierarchies
different number of layers within a hierarchy
select a organization or select All of the organizations with the organizational hierarchy
combinations of selection criteria, where this selection criteria is independent of each other, and also differeBelow is an example of 2 Organizational Hierarchies:
Hierarchy 1
Country -> Work Group -> Project Team (Project Team within Work Group within Country)
Hierarchy 2
Client -> Contract -> Project (Project within Contract within Client)Based on 2 different Hierarchies from above - here are a couple of use cases:
Country = "USA", Work Group = "Network Infrastructure", Project Team = all teams
Country = "USA", Work Group = all work groups
Client = "Client A", Contract = "2007-2008 Maint", Project = "Accounts Payable Maintenance"
Client = "Client A", Contract = "2007-2008 Maint", Project = all
Client = "Client A", Contract = allI am totally stuck on:
How to implement the data interface (Stored Procs) to the Reports
Implement the business logic to handle the different hierarchies & different number of levelsI did get help earlier in this forum for how to handle a parameter having a specific value or NULL value (to select "all")
(WorkGroup = @argWorkGroup OR @argWorkGrop is NULL)
Any Ideas? Should I be doing this in SQL Statements or should I be looking to use Analysis Services.
Thanks for all your help!
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Dec 26, 2001
Hiya,
I'm trying to run reports, some of which have UserEntered as a criteria. So I'm filling up a list with (SELECT * FROM SysUsers WHERE IsLogin = 1), which is also pulling up INFORMATION_SCHEMA as a login. I'm not really sure why this would be an islogin = 1 or issqluser = 1. Is this a server default login,and if yes,why, and what can I do about it?
Thanks,
Sarah
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May 10, 2006
Hi:
from SQL2005 information_schema, I don't see anything related to default constraint.
So, I still need the old way to use old stuff such as
from sysobjects sobj inner join syscolumns scolumn.
I need to check existing 3000 databases to drop any possible default for tableA.columnB's default and then add a new one.
I thought SQL2005 will stop let us to query system table to retrieve table structure info including default, but only via information_schema? :rolleyes:
thanks
David
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Nov 26, 2007
Hi there!
I'm trying to find how can I get the information_schema for a temp table.
I'm trying to find all columns of a temp table.
So it will be something like this SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns
But it doesn't work for temp table, I tried tempdb.dbo.information_schema.columns .... nada....
Please help!
Thanks,
Or Tho
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Jun 20, 2007
Hi:
I am new to SQLSERVER, so I am trying to learn from all these database views, in Oracle it use 'desc all_tables ' to database dictionary view, can some one tell me how to view SQLserver dictionary view like INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES, or sys.tables?
IF I login as sa, but I only want to view the table list one schema at a time? how do I do that?
I tried :
select table_name from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
where table_schema='CIT'....
select table_name from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
where table_schema='CIT.DBO'.... give 0 result too.
it give me 0 result, but if I login as CIT, then
'select table_name from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES' will give 14 tables.
Plus, When I log into Query analyzer, all the tables has dbo. prefix. , why is that?
Thanks a lot
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Jul 8, 2003
how do i return only the tables created by the user?
in three of my databases i am inserting one record per 5 secs. in all the tables. how good is using triggers for 'insert instead of' for these tables?
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Apr 5, 2006
Hi,
I'm working with MSSQL2K+SP3a, Standard Edition. I defined linked server (MSDE).
On the local server, I can do
select * from [testDB].[INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[TABLES] -- local
select * from [testSRV].[testDB_far].[dbo].[sysobjects] -- linked
but not
select * from [testSRV].[testDB_far].[INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[TABLES]
How can I access the INFORMATION_SCHEMA on the linked server ?
Thanks,
Helena
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Nov 30, 2007
The following code example to returns table space usage in my databases, except for AdventureWorks.
When I "USE AdventureWorks", I get the following message. "Invalid object name 'INFORMATION_SCHEMA.tables'."
Why is AdventureWorks different? Thanks. Bill
USE AdventureWorks
-- Declare variables
DECLARE @AWTables TABLE (SchemaTable varchar(100))
DECLARE @TableName varchar(100)
--Insert Table names into the TABLE variable
INSERT @AWTables
(SchemaTable)
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA + '.' + TABLE_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.tables
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'
ORDER BY TABLE_SCHEMA + '.' + TABLE_NAME
-- Report on each table using sp_spaceused
WHILE (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM @AWTables) > 0
BEGIN
SELECT TOP 1 @TableName = SchemaTable
FROM @AWTables
ORDER BY SchemaTable
EXEC sp_spaceused @TableName
DELETE @AWTables
WHERE SchemaTable = @TableName
END
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Oct 12, 2006
Hi,
I have a "master" table that holds the names of data tables (one record in the "master" table for each "data" table).
Can I create a ForeignKey constraint that will prevent the "master" table records from being removed if the cooresponding "data" table exists? Is the way to do this to use INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES as the PrimaryKeyTable for the ForeignKey?
Thanks!
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Jun 13, 2014
I am trying to remove the dates from a query. my goal is to load it in ssas and add a time dimension. Right now i have to change the dates evrytime i run reports (monthly). Here is the query
drop table #tmptmp
SELECT *, (DATEDIFF(day, enrollmentsDate, ShipmentDate))
- ((DATEDIFF(WEEK, enrollmentsenttDate, InitialShipmentDate) * 2)
+(CASE WHEN DATENAME(DW, enrollmentsentDate) = 'Sunday' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
+(CASE WHEN DATENAME(DW, ShipmentDate) = 'Saturday' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
[Code] .....
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Oct 23, 2007
Hi
I'm building a data warehouse - my end users connect using Access via ODBC Microsoft SQL Server driver (2000.85.1117.00).
However, whenever they connect using Access via ODBC they get a huge list of sys and INFORMATION_SCHEMA views, in addition to the data warehouse tables they need to access.
How can I remove these sys and INFORMATION_SCHEMA views from the list of tables/views presented to the end user?
I've tried denying access by changing permissions to deny in the public role of the master database - I have also changed permissions in the public role in the data warehouse database. When I do this, the ODBC connection fails to retrieve any objects because it doesn't have access to sys.databases (and various other unspecified objects).
I'm stuck - help!
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May 13, 2008
Hi, all.
I am trying to create table with following SQL script:
Code Snippet
create table Projects(
ID smallint identity (0, 1) constraint PK_Projects primary key,
Name nvarchar (255) constraint NN_Prj_Name not null,
Creator nvarchar (255),
CreateDate datetime
);
When I execute this script I get following error message:
Error source: SQL Server Compact ADO.NET Data Provider
Error message: Named Constraint is not supported for this type of constraint. [ Constraint Name = NN_Prj_Name ]
I looked in the SQL Server Books Online and saw following:
CREATE TABLE (SQL Server Compact)
...
< column_constraint > ::= [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { [ NULL | NOT NULL ] | [ PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE ] | REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column ) ] [ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ] [ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
As I understand according to documentation named constraints should be supported, however error message says opposite. I can rephrase SQL script by removing named constraint.
Code Snippet
create table Projects(
ID smallint identity (0, 1) constraint PK_Projects primary key,
Name nvarchar (255) not null,
Creator nvarchar (255),
CreateDate datetime
);
This script executes correctly, however I want named constraints and this does not satisfy me.
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Oct 14, 2007
We have a legacy app where some of our web page urls were hardcoded into the stored procs (SQL 2000 SP4 database). We have changed the system and so changed the hardcoded strings with a value stored in a config table. We used the following query to identify the hardcoded urls (say LegacyPage.asp) €“
select routine_name
from information_schema.routines
where routine_definition like '%LegacyPage.asp?%'
However, even after this we keep getting issues with LegacyPage.asp being referenced. Tracing the code, I found that there is at least one SP (say spHardCoded) which does not turn up in the query, but does have the string LegacyPage.asp? in the routine definition. When I run the following query €“
select routine_name
from information_schema.routines
where
routine_name = 'spHardCoded'
and routine_definition like '%LegacyPage.asp?%'
0 rows are returned!
Am I missing something obvious here or is INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Routines metadata not always updated? Is there any way to force the metadata to be updated, before we query it? Is there a better system catalog view which lets me do the same thing? Any help would be really appreciated.
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Apr 25, 2008
Hi,
we've just installed SQL2005 and, as expected, are hitting problems with collation settings.
We have made sure that the collation of our new server is the same as the old (working) SQL2000 server (both are Latin1_General_CI_AS) but a function that works fine on the 2000 box just doesn't work on the 2005 box.
The problem is this...
Code Snippet
select *
from information_schema.[tables] as t
left join :: fn_ListExtendedProperty('MS_Description','user','dbo','table',null,null,null) as xp on ( xp.objname = t.table_name )
...where that string comparison on "table_name" results in...
"Cannot resolve the collation conflict between "Latin1_General_CI_AS" and "Latin1_General_CI_AI" in the equal to operation."
Now... I can't see where the "Latin1_General_CI_AI" is coming from. The two data sources are both "system" sources, so should, I would have thought, been the same. If I do...
execute sp_help "information_schema.tables"
...all the columns are Latin1_General_CI_AS. If I do...
execute sp_help fn_ListExtendedProperty
...the same collation is returned for all columns.
I've checked everything I can think of (server, master, tempdb, etc.), and everything seems to be "AS".
Where might this "AI" collation be defined ? We have only just installed 2005, so a re-install, while a pain, is not a massive problem, but what should we check/change ?
Thanks
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Oct 14, 2005
I have several default constraints defined on a table. When I use theObject Browser and expand the constraints for this table andright-click and then select "Script Object to New Window As Create", acreate constraint statement for a different default constraint isdisplayed than the one I just right-clicked on. For example, I clickon constraint "DF_C" and it shows me "DF_B".The last time I encountered this, the solution was to dump contents ofthe table into another, drop, recreate it, and restore the contents.That's not a good option this time.Is there another way to fised this or at least navigate the catalog tofind out what is "off" about this?Thanks
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