Hi, i have a vb.net here i have 2 timers. one look every night at 2 o'clock pm and make a backup of my sql server express database to drive c:
In the Program runs at this moment some other action and another timer that checks different things and write this to the sql database .
are the some things that i have to pay attention when i make the backup ?
Or is it equal when i make a backup and at the same time i write data ?
Hi
I have copied a sql server backup file. I would like to make it a live database. How would I do this??
Can i send a command from my vb2005 program to tell the database to make a backup? Or how is this else done...
View 4 Replies View RelatedI am using NT Administrator login.
jessi
-----------------
What Login did u used to get in to the server?
-MAK
------------
jessi at 11/2/00 11:39:00 AM
Hi Everyone...
I cannot see the all the objects related in SQL SERVER Performance Monitor on one of our SQL SERVER..
The thing is before couple of days when i checked i was able to see all the object of sqlserver in performance monitor..
But for some reason I cant see it now..I am able to see only related to operation system..
Can anyone help me out.. to get back the sql server object in performance monitor..
Help is greatly appericated..
Thanks indeed
jessi..
*** Spam Removed ***
View 2 Replies View Relatedhi all..
hope u guys can help me out here.....
'm new to .net so hope to get all the basic infomr that would b required...
'm on a proj..basically a data mining proj...
'm using sql 2005 enterprise edn's analysis services to perform my data minning tasks...
here is what i'd like to know....
i've been following the sql online tutorial book...
n as per the tutorial on data minning...i have created a data source ... based on the decision tree algorithm i have even obtained some results..
now.....here is the problem..
i'd like to know if i can actually get all these obtained patterns onto a webpage...
i mean can i actually use asp.net n achieve this task of migrating the patterns generated at the bids to a webpage??
please guys if i can do so...then do tell me how to do so...
my proj dline is in 2 weeks....i need desperate help....
'm waitin...
thxxxx... a ton
hanish
hi all..
hope u guys can help me out here.....
'm new to .net so hope to get all the basic infomr that would b required...
'm on a proj..basically a data mining proj...
'm using sql 2005 enterprise edn's analysis services to perform my data minning tasks...
here is what i'd like to know....
i've been following the sql online tutorial book...
n as per the tutorial on data minning...i have created a data source ... based on the decision tree algorithm i have even obtained some results..
now.....here is the problem..
i'd like to know if i can actually get all these obtained patterns onto a webpage...
i mean can i actually use asp.net n achieve this task of migrating the patterns generated at the bids to a webpage??
please guys if i can do so...then do tell me how to do so...
my proj dline is in 2 weeks....i need desperate help....
'm waitin...
here is how i vusualize my goal..... web pages that display patterns generated after an analysis has performed......
thxxxx... a ton
hanish
Well I made a bussiness object for registering users as well as logging them in. I dont know if my bussiness obect is screwed up or if its the database, or the SQL syntax or what. Please take a look at this. I am not getting any error messages, but nothing is being added to the server. I am using MSDE for the SQL Server.
Here's my bussiness object:
Imports System
Imports System.Data
imports System.Data.oledb
NameSpace LoveShare
Public Class UserDetails
public UserID AS Integer
public FirstName AS String
public LastName AS String
public UserName AS string
public Password AS String
public Address AS String
public City AS String
public State AS String
public Zip As Integer
public Email AS String
End Class
Public Class User
Private objConn As New oledbConnection("Provider=sqloledb;Data Source=GARAGESALELOVESHARE;Initial Catalog=LoveShare1;User Id=sa;Password=notonthispost;")
Public function Login(strUsername AS String, strPassword As String) As Integer
dim intID as integer
dim objparam AS new oledbparameter
dim objcmd AS oledbCommand
objCmd = new oledbCommand("dbo.SPLoginUser", objconn)
objcmd.commandtype = commandtype.Storedprocedure
objparam = New oledbparameter("@UserName", oledbtype.Char)
objParam.Value = strUserName
objCmd.Parameters.Add(objParam)
objParam = New oledbParameter("@Password", OleDbType.Char)
objParam.Value = strPassword
objCmd.Parameters.Add(ObjParam)
Try
objConn.Open
intID = CType(objCmd.ExecuteScalar, Integer)
objConn.Close
Catch e As Exception
Throw e
End Try
If intID.toString = "" Then
return 0
End if
Return intID
end function
Public Sub AddUser(objUser As UserDetails)
Dim intId as integer
Dim objReader As oledbdataReader
Dim objCmdID As New oledbCommand("SELECT MAX(userID) FROM tblUsers", objconn)
Dim objcmd AS New oleDBCommand("spAddUser", objConn)
Dim objparam AS OleDbParameter
objCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
objParam = New oleDbParameter("@FirstName", oledbtype.Char)
objParam.value = objuser.FirstName
objCmd.Parameters.add(objParam)
objParam = New oleDbParameter("@LastName", oledbtype.Char)
objParam.value = objuser.LastName
objCmd.Parameters.add(objParam)
objParam = new oleDbParameter("@UserName", oledbtype.Char)
objParam.Value = objUser.UserName
objCmd.Parameters.Add(objParam)
objParam = New oleDbParameter("@Password", oledbtype.Char)
objParam.value = objuser.Password
objCmd.Parameters.add(objParam)
objParam = New oleDbParameter("@Email", oledbtype.Char)
objParam.value = objuser.Email
objCmd.Parameters.add(objParam)
objParam = New oleDbParameter("@Address", oledbtype.Char)
objParam.value = objuser.Address
objCmd.Parameters.add(objParam)
objParam = New oleDbParameter("@City", oledbtype.Char)
objParam.value = objuser.City
objCmd.Parameters.add(objParam)
objParam = New oleDbParameter("@State", oledbtype.Char)
objParam.value = objuser.State
objCmd.Parameters.add(objParam)
objParam = New oleDbParameter("@Zip", oledbtype.Integer)
objParam.value = objuser.Zip
objCmd.Parameters.add(objParam)
Try
objConn.Open
ObjCmd.ExecuteNonQuery
objUser.UserID = CType(objCmdID.ExecuteScalar, Integer)
objConn.Close
Catch e AS Exception
Throw e
End try
If objUser.UserID.ToString = "" then
objuser.UserID = 25
End if
End Sub
End Class
End NameSpace
Here's is my stored procedure for the registration:
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[SPAddUser]
@FirstName VarChar(255),
@LastName VarChar(255),
@UserName VarChar(255),
@Password VarChar(255),
@Email VarChar(255),
@Address VarChar(255) ,
@City VarChar(255),
@State VarChar(255) ,
@Zip [INT]
AS
INSERT INTO tblUsers (FirstName, LastName, UserName, Password, Email, Address, City, State, Zip)
VALUES (@FirstName, @LAstName, @UserName, @Password, @Email, @Address, @City, @State, @Zip)
GO
And here is the actual registration page
<%@ Page Language="VB" %>
<%@ Register tagPrefix="LoveShare" TagName="Header" src="head.ascx" %>
<%@ Register tagPrefix="LoveShare" TagName="Menu" src="Men.ascx" %>
<%@ Register tagPrefix="LoveShare" TagName="Stats" src="Stats.ascx" %>
<%@ Register tagPrefix="LoveShare" TagName="Footer" src="foot.ascx" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="system" %>
<%@ Import NameSpace="System.Data" %>
<%@ Import NameSpace="LoveShare" %>
<script runat="server">
Public sub Submit(sender as object, e as eventargs)
If Page.IsValid then
dim objuserdetails as New LoveShare.UserDetails
dim objuser As New LoveShare.User
objuserDetails.FirstName=tbFirstName.Text
objuserDetails.LastName=tbLastName.Text
objUserDetails.Username=tbUserName.Text
objuserDetails.Password=tbPassword.Text
objUserDetails.Email=tbEmail.Text
objUserDetails.Address=tbAddress.Text
objUserDetails.City=tbCity.Text
objUserDetails.State=tbState.Text
objuserDetails.Zip=tbState.Text
ObjUser.AddUser(objUserDetails)
Session("UserID") = objUserDetails.UserID
FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie(objUserDetails.UserID, false)
Response.Redirect("index.aspx")
else
lblMessage.text="Information entered incorrectly"
End If
End Sub
</Script>
<html>
<body BGCOLOR="00ccFF">
<Table Width="800">
<tr>
<td>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>
<LoveShare:Header runat="server" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<Table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="15" Width="800">
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<td>
<form runat="server">
<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" Align="center">
<Font size="6">Sign Up Today!<BR><BR></Font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td Align="Center">
<Font color="red">
<asp:label id="lblMessage" runat="server" />
</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td Align="right">First Name:</td>
<td Align="Left"><asp:textbox id="tbFirstName" runat="server" />
<asp:requiredfieldValidator runat="server" Controltovalidate="tbFirstName" ErrorMessage="First Name Required" Text="Forgot First Name" Display="Dynamic"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td Align="right">Last Name:</Td>
<td Align="Left"><asp:textbox id="tbLastName" runat="server" />
<asp:requiredfieldValidator runat="server" Controltovalidate="tbLastName" ErrorMessage="Last Name Required" Text="Forgot Last Name" Display="Dynamic"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td Align="right">Desired UserName:</td>
<td Align="Left"><asp:textbox id="tbUserName" runat="server" />
<asp:requiredfieldValidator runat="server" Controltovalidate="tbUserName" ErrorMessage="UserName required" Text="Forgot UserName" Display="Dynamic"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td Align="right">Password:</td>
<td Align="Left"><asp:textbox id="tbPassword" Textmode="Password" runat="server" />
<asp:requiredfieldValidator runat="server" Controltovalidate="tbPassword" ErrorMessage="Password Required" Text="Forgot Password" Display="Dynamic"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td Align="right">Verify Password:</td>
<td Align="Left"><asp:textbox id="tbVPassword" Textmode="password" runat="server" />
<asp:requiredfieldValidator runat="server" Controltovalidate="tbVPassword" ErrorMessage="Verify Password" Text="Forgot to verify Password" Display="Dynamic"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td Align="right">Email Address:</td>
<td Align="Left"><asp:textbox id="tbEmail" runat="server" />
<asp:requiredfieldValidator runat="server" Controltovalidate="tbEmail" ErrorMessage="Email address required" Text="Forgot Email address" Display="Dynamic"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td Align="right">Verify Email Address:</td>
<td Align="Left"><asp:textbox id="tbVEmail" runat="server" />
<asp:requiredfieldValidator runat="server" Controltovalidate="tbVEmail" ErrorMessage="Must verify Email address" Text="Verify Email address" Display="Dynamic"/>
</td>
</tr>
<td Align="right">Street Address</td>
<td Align="Left"><asp:textbox id="tbAddress" runat="server" />
<asp:requiredfieldValidator runat="server" Controltovalidate="tbAddress" ErrorMessage="Street Address Required" Text="Forgot Address" Display="Dynamic"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td Align="right">City:</td>
<td Align="Left"><asp:textbox id="tbCity" runat="server" />
<asp:requiredfieldValidator runat="server" Controltovalidate="tbCity" ErrorMessage="City Required" Text="Forgot City" Display="Dynamic"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td Align="right">State:</td>
<td Align="Left"><asp:textbox id="tbState" runat="server" />
<asp:requiredfieldValidator runat="server" Controltovalidate="tbState" ErrorMessage="State Required" Text="Forgot State" Display="Dynamic"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td Align="right">Zip:</td>
<td Align="Left"><asp:textbox id="tbZip" runat="server" />
<asp:requiredfieldValidator runat="server" Controltovalidate="tbZip" ErrorMessage="Zip Code Required" Text="Forgot Zip" Display="Dynamic"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td Align="right"> </td>
<td Align="Left"><asp:button id="btsignup" text="Sign Up" onclink="submit" runat="server" />
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<LoveShare:Footer runat="server" />
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Please help, I cannot figure out what is wrong
Fan of Sub's and I feel more comfortable doing them, I've been told they aren't as efficient as JOIN's by another developer. Is this true?
Also, does one or the other perform better on SQL Server vs. Oracle? I'm more seasoned as an Oracle developer and have learned to avoid JOIN's when ever possible. So I guess my real question is have I been led astray?
:o
Thanks in advance, DBA's Rule!
hello ppl.......
've installed sql 2005 xpress with advanced services......also installed the toolkit that came along..
all 'm interested in is to perform certain data mining operations on the adventureworks db..
;ve also installed the advn works db.........
now here is the prob.......
jus like how the sql online book instructed me i first started off with the datamining tutorial..where i was told to first OPEN BIDS select new PROJECT then make sure that the analysis Services template was selected and then go ahead with selection of the particular sln file....
the problem is that I DON'T SEE ANY ANALYSIS SERVICE TEMPLATE....all i c is a REPORT template..
i really need help guys..... 'm new to .net really feeling helpless...
please hurry guys....
thx a ton..
hanish
Hi there
I'm getting this message on my third automated backup of the transaction logs of the day. Both databases are in full recovery mode, both successfully backed up at 01.00. The transaction logs backed up perfectly happily at 01:30 and 05:30, but failed at 09:30.
The only difference between 05:30 and 09:30's backups is that the log files were shrunk at 08:15 (the databases in question are the ones that sit under ILM2007, and keeping the log files small keeps the system running better).
Is it possible that shrinking the log files causes the database to think that there hasn't been a full database backup?
Thanks
Jane
Hello, I have a table of data with the following columns:ParticipantResult (win or lose)The table has other data in, but I want to make a league to sort by the amounts of wins. For example: Participant Won PlayedA 5 10B 4 7C 3 3 I want this to show up on web page. I was hoping to do this through the source code on the web page, but I am struggling to do it.Is there a better way to do this, or a place where I can see an example of the code. Many Thanks, Oliver
View 1 Replies View Relatedwith SQL desktop engine installed where do I even begin working with it?
View 1 Replies View RelatedI hope I can explain this somewhat coherantly. Here goes..
I have a products database. I want to select product details for items having distinct style codes. IE if there are 20 products that different from one another in some way, and 3 different style numbers throughout them, I want to end up with 3 products selected. I don't care which ones, as long as i have a sample product for each style.
I've attemped to use GROUP BY to do this, but it's not giving me what I want. I managed to get right number of products, but the query seems to have mixed and matched the fields together in an undesireable way. I guess this kinda makes sense, since providing aggregate functions for each of the extra fields is necessary.
SO THE QUESTION IS: How do I select (number of distinct styles) products, and still keep the records in tact as they should be?
Here is a sample...
Code:
SELECT DISTINCT Min(team) as team, min(pict) as pict, min(colors) as colors, min(league) as league, min(product_description) as product_description, min(category) as category, min(subcategory) as subcategory, min(style) as style
FROM prods
WHERE (style='style1' or style='style2' or style='style3')
AND league='leaguex'
AND soldout=''
GROUP by style
ORDER by style
Thanks very much for any help!! I'm sure I'm going about this all wrong.
Hi,
What is the best method/model for having real time replication set up and also needing the ability to drop and recreate SP's/Tables/UDF's etc? I keep getting the error of the SP is being used in replication so it cannot be dropped...
Thanks in advance.
Adam
Hi alllI have these tables below with 3 fields each. I want to get the recordin table 1 whose field number value is same in table 2 but field number2 on both tables are different. I mean i want the record1500 800 2. Insight: Table 1 is modules ordered and table 2 is modulesdelivered. I want to get 1500 800 2.beacuse module 800 was ordered butin table 2 module 503 was delivered. can some one help me with a joinnice weekeendTable 110 5012 101600502100 502 31500800 2Table 21500503 114004000100502 10100600100502 3
View 3 Replies View RelatedPlease see the detail of tables with fields in SQL server 2000.·TableStudent .Table Good Qualities( It is a list of Students) (It is a list of Good Qualities)1-Student Id (P.Key)1- Serial No. (P. Key)2-Student Name 2- Good Quality· Table Bad Qualities .Table Future Plans(It is a list of Bad Qualities) (It is a list of Plans)1-Serial No. (P. Key) 1- Serial No. (P. Key)2-Bad Quality 2- Future Plans·Table-Personality1-Student Name/ID2-Good Qualities3-Bad Qualities4-Future PlansData will store in Personality table like thatStudent IDG.Q.No B.Q.NoF.P.No101 3 2 1101 4 5 NUll101 8 Null Null202 4 8 9202Null 3 1Required ResultNow I have to generate a report of One student andsometimes of many students comprising of their Name, G.qualities, BadQualities and Future Plan. To generate report User input will be onlystudent id.I Need help in making relationship of these tables as well as inMaking a Query. Any suggestion to get the required result. Speciallyplease look at the Personality Table because I do not understandPrimary key for it. Should I just include the Serial No. as Primarykey.Please make necessary changes to get the required result.I shall be really thankful to you for your kind favor.
View 3 Replies View RelatedHello Everyone,
I have a dimension that has the following members:
Directors
Senior Managers
Managers
Senior Associates
Associates
But they way they need to be displayed includes subtotals. Senior Managers and Managers are placed into Management and Staff is a total of everyone except Directors. They should appear on the report in something like this:
Directors 10
Senior Managers 15
Managers 9
Management 24
Senior Associates 17
Associates 40
Staff 81
Total 91
What is the best way to do this? Right now I am using a matrix because I am also showing headcounts by Period. Is a table a better way to go? Is it something that should be done in my dimension?
I can do the Total part. I am just not sure how to make the subtotals inbetween the other lines.
Thank you for the help.
-Gumbatman
how can i create a report for my database? how can i create bar graphs, etc.? im using msde and sql express. pls help. thanks.
View 3 Replies View RelatedI have been reading up on how replicating schema changes work, but I must be missing something. When I configured a database for replication, it added a rowguid column to each table. This I understand.
I want to test making a schema change and replicating that change. For example, I tried to add a column to an existing table. When I tried to save the table i get the following error:
"Error validating the default for column rowguid".
"- Unable to modify table.
It is invalid to drop the default constraint on the rowguid column that is used by merge replication.
The DDL operation failed inside merge DDL replication manipulation.
The transaction ended in the trigger. The batch has been aborted."
So, what am I missing? Do i need to drop the rowguid column, add the new column, and then re-add the rowguid column?
Many thanks...
Hi,
I have the following flow in which i am looping through a folder containing textfiles
Foreach loop
[
ScriptTask -> DataFlowTask -> Execute SQL
]
In my ScriptTask, i am checking the file validity. Now if the file is found incorrect, I do not want the DataFlowTask and other to execute. Instead i want the file to be moved to Error and the loop to proceed with the next file. If the file validity is correct, DFT and ExecuteSQL execute. How do i do this?
Some explanation supported by examples would help.
Lalit
hi
I am not able to create connection string through vwd express for sql express database file n getting a error:
An error has occurred while establishing a connection to the server. When connecting to SQL Server 2005, this failure may be caused by the fact that under the default settings SQL Server does not allow remote connections. (provider: SQL Network Interfaces, error: 26 - Error Locating Server/Instance Specified)
plz tell me where is the problem n how can i resolve it
Thanks n with regardsCN
Hi Guys, I came here again to ask something about my application, Is there a way to make 2 columns unique with each other even if they don't have a primary key? If there's a way how? I wanna make a rule so, my application wont replicate its record. Graciaz,Nhoyti
View 3 Replies View RelatedHi
I have no idea but want to learn it how to make random names with sql server...
I have a table, called table1, for colums Firstname and Last name
I want it to make random names, so much it is possible it can get, in table2 where the colums is named Names
PLEASE HELP :)
I have a datagrid in my file along with an Update Query.
My Update Query basically adds the numerical values in two columns
together when the page is loaded. This means whenever the page is
Refreshed the Update query is fired.
This is my Update Query (which is in an Stored Procedure):
UPDATE Rental
SET TotalFee = ExtraFee + TotalFee
WHERE DaysOverdue >= 0
I have declared my query in the 'Page_Load' part of the coding, because
I want the query to run automatically. Not manually by a button.
My main question is that how can I get the query to run only once a day, no matter how many times the page is loaded.
Playing with DTS for converting text data to SQL Server table and sending email messages. Package is to be scheduled hourly.
1. Is there any easy way to force DTS to choose Success or Failure based on a SQL Task? Wish to check contents of a table for new values and branch accordingly in DTS.
2. When new records are brought in I wish to build a custom email message rather than attaching a text file. Any Idea how to build a custom message?
I am attempting to auto scan an error log on a Unix based system and email myself when errors occur. This is an exercise to test scheduling of jobs, bridging between technologies and sending out meaningful messages based on the process via email.
Thanks,
Mike Hoyt
Can anyone help me retrieving that result.
take an example
EXEC-ID JOB-CODE
0001 20
0001 63
0001 03
i want result in the following format:
EXEC-ID JOB-CODE1 JOB-CODE2 JOB-CODE3
0001 20 63 03
Sorry if this is a total n00bie question but...
I have table A and table B
I want a field in table B to be equl to the primary key in table A, and i'm not sure how to do that.
Thanks
Hello Experts,
Can anyone tell me, how can I make SQL server database empty.I mean i need to keep only restore the table structur, no table data.
Is there any possible way to make a row delete itself at a certain date and time? I am tring to make an "On_Sale" table and perticular items(rows) must expire at a certain Date and time. I have an idea to delete a row when it expires but it will cause an extra burden on my application. So is it possible to have SQL responsible for deleting a row at a certain time and date?
Also, I have another question:
when I asign a PK Identity to a certain column is there a way I can enforce consecutive order of PK values? For example if I delete a row and the PK value was 5 it will reoder the whole table so all PK values are in consecutive order:
PK-----------Item----------price
1------------XYZ1----------$$$$
2------------XYZ2----------$$$$
3------------XYZ3----------$$$$
when I delete PK 2 this is what happens
PK-----------Item----------price
1------------XYZ1----------$$$$
3------------XYZ3----------$$$$
the PKs are not in consecutive order
What I want is this to happen: when PK 2 is deleted I need it to show as follows
PK-----------Item----------price
1------------XYZ1----------$$$$
2------------XYZ3----------$$$$
The PKs stay in consecutive order.
See how the PK are still in consecutive order?
hi. i'm trying to make a report in asp that sums up a whole bunch of statistics. the report is quite lengthy and takes about 2 minutes to load. i thought i would solve that problem by making a table to dump the statistics into instead of calculating the statistics every time the report is viewed. this way, the page would just read the table with the statistics already put in it. these statistics would be updated every day or two so i don't need anything up to the minute.however, i have run into a small problem which is actually updating the information in the table. my new table is called OfficeReport and it looks like this:UserID Stat1 Stat2 Stat3 ...... Stat3223 0 0 0 056 0 0 0 072 0 0 0 0this is a query for one of the statistics i am currently using:SELECT DefendantCase.UserID, COUNT(DefendantCase.UserID) AS CountOfUserID FROM DefendantCase LEFT JOIN UserDescription ON DefendantCase.UserID=UserDescription.UserID WHERE UserDescription.Status=1 AND UserDescription.UserType=1GROUP BY DefendantCase.UserIDif i run this query, this is what i get:UserID CountOfUserID54 2160 1052 294 427 22how can i modify this query so its output updates the same UserID column in the OfficeReport table? Thanks!
View 3 Replies View RelatedI have the following SQL statement that works out how many days are between todays date and the first of April 2007.
SELECTDATEDIFF(dd,'2007-04-01 00:00:00.000',GetDate()) AS 'Days Left'
This works fine, however: After the 1st April 2007 I want to start counting down the days till 1st April 2008 - and so on and so forth.
How can I do this? Hopefully you understand my question - if not, ask me any questions needed!
Cheers - GeorgeV
I have a table to which data is being imported via bcp. When I get this data there are some fields nvarchar that has some decimal, for instance 1098.000000 is always 6 zeros..What I want to achieve is to make the above number only 1098
So what I did was this:
LEFT (AMOUNT, LEN(AMOUNT)-7) AS AMOUNT
But i get an error saying invalid lenght parameter passed to the left or substring