Managing And Rotating Keys For Encryption For Many SQL Servers

Aug 15, 2007

There is all kinds of great info out there about the mechanics behind column level encryption in SQL2005, but it all seems to assume I only have 1 or 2 database servers. If I am using an X509 certificate to encrypt my data, it looks as if I can script the administration of this fairly easily.

But what if I have 1000 SQL Servers?

Is there any guidance/best practices/tools out there that will help me manage the 1000 certificates that I would need to deploy in such a scenario. Also, what if I need to 'rotate' the certificates for some reason. Can a PKI for the domain help me to automate and manage this?

It seems as if the management of these certificates is purely 'manual' at this point.

Thanks for any help,

...Andrew

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Managing DB Updates To Client DB Servers

Jul 23, 2005

I'm looking for ideas on how to write SQL scripts for updates that arepushed out to clients for product updates. Obviously, We could justkeep track of the changes on a pad or write a database that requiresus to input those changes and eventually hand write the updatescripts. I was wondering if anybody has any solutions that may helpautomate this process.Is there a way to write an application that will compare a current(updated) database structure against the last realease that will giveus the fields that need to be changed?As far as creating the scripts for the initial install, thats easy. Wecan do that right from the SQL Enterprise Manager.Call me lazy! Any ideas?Thanks

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Oct 12, 2006

Is it possible to load data into MSSQL 2005 that has been encrypted externally with a symmetric key algorithm, such as AES, and then import the key to SQL Server? After browsing through Books Online, I don't see any way to import a symmetric key from an external file, but maybe I'm missing something.

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Data Encryption And Keys

Jan 25, 2007

Hi,
I would like to encrypt data in my database. I want encrypted column value to be viewable only for certain group of users. Users that has access to my database doesn't meant they can access to my encrypted data.

Currently, I am using the following "approach" as my key management.

create master key encryption by password= 'MasterKeyPass'

CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY MyAsymmKey AUTHORIZATION MyUser
WITH ALGORITHM = RSA_1024
ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD ='MyAsymmPass'

CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY MySymmKey WITH ALGORITHM = DES
ENCRYPTION BY ASYMMETRIC KEY MyAsymmKey

My data will be encrypted using Symmetric key MySymmKey.

User who want to access my data must have MasterKey and MyAsymmKey password.
Is it OK? Any better way?

Thank you

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Scheduled Backup For Encryption Keys

Oct 29, 2007



Is there a way to schedule the backup of encryption keys periodically?

Thanks
Karthika

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Symmetric Encryption By Asymmetric Keys

Nov 9, 2007

i've getting ready to implement encryption on a rather large database. I'd read that if performance is of utmost concert, you should use symmetric keys. I want to encrypt those keys by asymmetric keys. My code is working, but i'm just not sure if there is a quicker way? do you have to open and close the key each time you select/update/insert in a stored procedure that references an encrypted column, or is there a way to just modify the code by adding the encryptbykey/decryptbykey functions?

has anyone implemented encryption on columns in large tables? any suggestions for me?

Thanks,
Pete

here's my code to create the keys:

create asymmetric key ASK_Auto_Encrypt
with algorithm = RSA_512;

create symmetric key SK_AE
with algorithm = TRIPLE_DES
encryption by asymmetric key ASK_Auto_Encrypt;

here's my code to test this:

create table encryption_test (test varchar(50));

open symmetric key SK_AE
decryption by asymmetric key ASK_Auto_Encrypt;

insert into encryption_test
select encryptbykey(key_guid('SK_AE'),'test');

select convert(varchar(max),decryptbykey(test)) from encryption_test;

close symmetric key SK_AE;

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2005 Encryption - Symmetric Keys

May 29, 2006



Hi There

We have been playing around with encryption in 2005. I cannot find a BOL topic that discusses dropping encryption objects such as keys.

We do the followign steps:

Create master key with password, then we create a certificate using the master key, we then create a symmetric key using this certificate and encrypt data columns.

But what i find worrying is that you can then drop the symmetric key , there are no warnings that you have objects dependant on this key for decryption.

Once you have dropped the key you cannot decrypt the data anymore?

Also the key defults the expiration date to 1 year.

WHat happens after 1 year when you have encrypted data and an expired key, or someone drops the key ? How can you ever decrypt the data after that ?

You can backup master keys nd certificates but not symmetric keys?

It seems to be that youc an very easily orphan encrypted data by the loss of the symmetric key for whatever reason, is this correct ?

Thanx

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SQL 2005 Encryption - Symmetric Keys

Feb 14, 2007

I have a question about the storage of symmetric keys in SQL Server 2005 due to the fact that I have read two conflicting statements on this.

In Laurentiu's blog located at http://blogs.msdn.com/lcris/archive/2005/10/14/481434.aspx, in regards to preventing symmetric key loss he makes the statement that "...Because the keys are stored in the database, they will be saved with the database....".

But in the white paper Improving Data Security by Using SQL Server 2005, which is located at http://www.microsoft.com/technet/itshowcase/content/sqldatsec.mspx, in regards to symmetric keys the statement is made "...Note: The symmetric key is not stored in the database. Only the encrypted values of the symmetric key are stored in the database. Therefore, users who can access the database cannot decrypt the data without first decrypting the symmetric key....".

So I am just wondering which statement is correct, are symmetric keys stored in the database or not?

Thanks!

Ginny



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Encryption Keys Backup Option Is Disabled

Jan 23, 2008



I just installed Reporting Services (2005) in a "distributed installation" mode. That is, I have sql server 2005 on a separate server. I installed the Report Server on its own server where I already had IIS running.

That all seemed to go well and I didn't get any errors or anything. After the install process was done, I ran the RS Configuration Manager tool. Since "Install but do not configure" option was automatically selected for me, I started working through all the pages from top to bottom. Again everything worked, and I have green checkboxes next to all of the nodes in the left except...

When I get to the Encryption Keys page, it has a blue exclamation icon next to its icon in the left pane. On the page itself, the Backup and Change buttons are disabled, greyed out.

And, the next item down, Initialization, is shown with a greyed out "x" icon. It's not red, but greyed out.

So, I'm not sure what this all means, but I'm guess it means that I don't have RS set up yet...! Any help would be greatly appreciated.

-- M Noreen

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Primary/Foreign/Identity Keys && Encryption

Nov 2, 2006

Hi all!

I'm just getting my feet wet with how encryption works in SQL 2005. With regards to the encryption of primary / foreign keys, I'm not entirely clear on the best approach. Below are three examples of typical table structures I currently have:

== Customers table ==
CustomerID (PK, int, Identity)
CustomerName (varchar)

== Orders table ==
OrderID (PK, int, Identity)
CustomerID (int, foreign key)
CreditCardNumber (varchar)

== OrderDetails table (1 to Many) ==
OrderID (PK/FK, int)
ItemNumber (PK, int)
ItemDescription (varchar)

The Customers and Orders tables use identity values as their primary keys. From what I can tell, CustomerID in the Customers table cannot be encrypted and OrderID in the Orders table cannot be encrypted because they are identity values. In these cases, would it be safer (in terms of security) to create a separate, meaningless identity key column in the Customers table and then remove the identity attribute from CustomerID so I can encrypt CustomerID?

Similarily in the OrderDetails table, OrderID and ItemNumber form a composite key. These values are important in that I don't want them to be tampered with. Am I better off creating a separate identity key column which becomes the table's primary key ... then encrypt both the OrderID and ItemNumber columns in this table?

Any ideas are appreciated.

Thank you,
Ben

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SQL Server Admin 2014 :: Using Column Encryption With Symmetric Keys

Jun 25, 2015

I am trying to implement the column encryption on one of the tables, have used the below link as the reference and got stuck at the last step.

[URL] ....

I have completed the following steps so far.

- CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = ‘myStrongPassword’

- CREATE CERTIFICATE MyCertificateName
WITH SUBJECT = 'A label for this certificate'

- CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY MySymmetricKeyName WITH
IDENTITY_VALUE = 'a fairly secure name',
ALGORITHM = AES_256,

[Code] .....

Example by using the function

EXEC OpenKeys

-- Encrypting
SELECT Encrypt(myColumn) FROM myTable

-- Decrypting
SELECT Decrypt(myColumn) FROM myTable

When I ran the last command :

-- Decrypting
SELECT Decrypt(myColumn) FROM myTable

I get the following error :

Msg 257, Level 16, State 3, Line 2
Implicit conversion from data type nvarchar to varbinary is not allowed. Use the CONVERT function to run this query.

Where will I use the convert function, in decrypt function or in select statement?

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Sharing An Encryption Certificate Between Servers

Apr 17, 2008

Hello,

We have a couple of databases set up, and we replicate data from certain tables between the two database. One of the tables we replicate is the Users table, in which we'd like to encrypt user passwords. Initially I created a certificate on both servers, and found that I could not DecryptByCert a password that was encrypted on the other server, and vice versa. It looks like all I was forgetting to do with supply a 'ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = ' parameter to CREATE CERTIFICATE. So, now I have the following:

CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_UserPassword
ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'pGFD4bb925DGvbd2439587y'
WITH SUBJECT ='TestingCertificate'

I ran that query on both of our servers, and I find I am able to decrypt the password on both servers. So, as far as I can tell, this is exactly the way I want it to work.

So, now for the question: Is this the right way to go about it? In order to decrypt the password on either server, it means I need to pass the 'pGFD4bb925DGvbd2439587y' password to the DecryptByCert command, which doesn't seem very secure. But if I don't use the 'ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD', then the cert will be signed by the Master key, which is different on both servers, which will result in a certificate that can't decrypt what was encrypted on the other server.

Is there a way to take the actual certificate on one server, and export it to the other server, so that they're both using the exact same certificate to encrypt and decrypt? I would like to not have the password included in the Decryption command, if I can help it.

Thanks.

-Dan

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Moving Symmetric Keys Between Servers

Apr 24, 2007

I'm having some issues restoring a backup of database that uses native encryption onto another server. I know there are a couple of articles on this but I seem to be missing something. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Current Server Windows 2000
Destination Server Windows 2003


The original key setup for the current server was achieved by something like this:

CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY HR01 WITH algorithm=DES encryption BY password = 'HRpassword'


Running the command select * from sys.symmetric_keys on the current server I get the following:






name
principal_id
symmetric_key_id
key_length
key_algorithm
algorithm_desc
create_date
modify_date
key_guid

HR01
1
256
56
D
DES
2006-11-22 16:36:01.883
2006-11-22 16:36:01.883
BBD80500-338F-47D7-B336-85D46E00F2F0
So I restored the database onto the new server and ran this script:

OPEN MASTER KEY DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'Password';
ALTER MASTER KEY ADD ENCRYPTION BY SERVICE MASTER KEY;
GO

I don't have a master key... so I go back to the original server and ran this script and did another backup:

CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'Password'
OPEN MASTER KEY DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'Password';
ALTER MASTER KEY ADD ENCRYPTION BY SERVICE MASTER KEY;

Running select * from sys.symmetric_keys on the current server now looks like this:





name
principal_id
symmetric_key_id
key_length
key_algorithm
algorithm_desc
create_date
modify_date
key_guid

##MS_DatabaseMasterKey##
1
101
128
D3
TRIPLE_DES
2007-04-23 16:03:09.183
2007-04-23 17:02:46.630
1CB0D800-0173-4A1E-B841-362B454E60AC

HR01
1
256
56
D
DES
2006-11-22 16:36:01.883
2006-11-22 16:36:01.883
BBD80500-338F-47D7-B336-85D46E00F2F0



I then restored the new backup onto the 2003 server and ran this script:

OPEN MASTER KEY DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'Password';
ALTER MASTER KEY ADD ENCRYPTION BY SERVICE MASTER KEY;
GO

The alter script now runs fine but I get the error message: The decryption key is incorrect when trying to open the HR01 key




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Create Identical Symmetric Keys On Two Servers?

Apr 17, 2015

why my script is not allowing me to DECRYPTBYKEY once I restore my DB from PRODUCTION BACKUP....

-- SET Staging to Single User Mode to be able to RESTORE DB---

-- STEP 1 (Works No Problems Here)

USE master;
GO
ALTER DATABASE Staging
SET SINGLE_USER
WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;
GO
RESTORE DATABASE Staging
FROM DISK = 'C:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL ServerMSSQL11.MSSQLSERVERMSSQLBackupMyDBRestore.bak' ;
GO

-- STEP 2 - USE ONLY IF THE ABOVE IS UNSUCCESSFUL ||| FAILURE ****** RESTORE RUN THE FOLLOWING SCRIPT -----

--If the above is successful the DB sets itself back to MULTI_USER

--ALTER DATABASE Staging
--SET MULTI_USER;
--GO
--ALTER DATABASE Staging
--SET READ_WRITE
--GO

-- STEP 3 (Works No Problems Here)

--------------- @@@@@@@@@@@@@@ IMPORTANT UNCOMMIT AND RUN @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ MANUAL STEPS ----------------------
-- RBD - Recreate Security ID'S AND PERMISSIONS FOR Stored Procedure EXECUTE RIGHTS, because PASSWORDS are different on lower
-- environments
--USE [Staging]
--GO
--/****** Object: User [WebUser] Script Date: 4/13/2015 11:15:51 AM ******/
--DROP USER [WebUser]

[code]....

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Setting Up SQL Server Encryption Between Multiple Servers And Databases

Feb 23, 2007

Greetings.

I have a setup/deployment question regarding SQL Server Encryption.

Internal database encrypts data in 3 different tables. This could execute on any one of 6 different servers.
The tables with encrypted data are replicated to another database on different servers (3)

How should the keys/certificates be created so that the data in the replicated database can be decrypted?

In my test scenario so far, I have been unable to have the second database decrypt the data that was encrypted on the first database (currently on the same server).

-- Create Database Master Key
CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY
PASSWORD = 'p@ssw0rd'
GO

-- Create Certificate
CREATE CERTIFICATE MyCertificate
WITH SUBJECT = 'My Data Encryption Certificate',
EXPIRY_DATE = '10/31/2010';
GO

CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY MyKey
WITH
ALGORITHM = AES_256,
IDENTITY_VALUE = 'My Symmetric Key',
KEY_SOURCE = 'Unique phrase that will be used to secure the key'
ENCRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE MyCertificate;
GO

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Sep 7, 2000

Hello All,

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Many thanks in advance for any and all help,

Gurmi

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May 21, 2006

I'm using SQL Server 2005. I have a situation similar to described here. Let's say there's a Student table and StudentSubject table.

Student table
StudentID int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL
StudentName varchar(50) NOT NULL

StudentSubject table
StudentID INT NOT NULL
Subject varchar(10) NOT NULL

Sample Data of Student Table

StudentID StudentName
1 Jane Doe
2 John Doe

Sample data of StudentSubject table

StudentID Subject
1 English
1 Math
2 English
2 Spanish


My question is how I can turn the table so that my resultset could look like:

StudentID StudentName English Spanish Math
1 Jane Doe 1 0 1
2 John Doe 1 1 0

I'm having hard time using PIVOTing techniques. I thought of one solution that used CASE..wHEN constructs, but is there a elegant solution?

Thanks

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Jan 20, 1999

Is there a function in SQLServer 6.5 that would 'rotate' query output?

Example: select name_column from test_table

Output if using special function: name1, name2, etc.
instead of: name1
name2
name3


Thanks for any help!

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Feb 4, 2008

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Jul 20, 2005

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I need to prepare a roster rotating persons within each Department for the available dates

Please refer to the below sample tables and data

CREATE TABLE Roster
(
StartDate Date,
EndDate Date
)
CREATE TABLE Department

[Code] ....

Expected Output

SELECT '01/01/2015' StartDate, '01/05/2015' EndDate, 'A' Department,'P1' Person
UNION
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UNION
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[Code] .....

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best way to encrypt and decrypt using user defined functions.Below is the query which is taking long time.

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When I try to use symetric or asymetric encryption, I am not able to put "OPEN SYMETRIC KEY" code in a function. So, I am using PassPhrase mechanism.

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Hello again,

I'm going through my tables and rewriting them so that I can create relationship-based constraints and create foreign keys among my tables. I didn't have a problem with a few of the tables but I seem to have come across a slightly confusing hiccup.

Here's the query for my Classes table:

Code:

CREATE TABLE Classes
(
class_id
INT
IDENTITY
PRIMARY KEY
NOT NULL,

teacher_id
INT
NOT NULL,

class_title
VARCHAR(50)
NOT NULL,

class_grade
SMALLINT
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DEFAULT 6,

class_tardies
SMALLINT
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class_absences
SMALLINT
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CONSTRAINT Teacher_instructs_ClassFKIndex1 FOREIGN KEY (teacher_id)
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)

This statement runs without problems and I Create the relationship with my Users table just fine, having renamed it to teacher_id. I have a 1:n relationship between users and tables AND an n:m relationship because a user can be a student or a teacher, the difference is one field, user_type, which denotes what type of user a person is. In any case, the relationship that's 1:n from users to classes is that of the teacher instructing the class. The problem exists when I run my query for the intermediary table between the class and the gradebook:

Code:

CREATE TABLE Classes_have_Grades
(
class_id
INT
PRIMARY KEY
NOT NULL,

teacher_id
INT
NOT NULL,

grade_id
INT
NOT NULL,

CONSTRAINT Grades_for_ClassesFKIndex1 FOREIGN KEY (grade_id)
REFERENCES Grades (grade_id),

CONSTRAINT Classes_have_gradesFKIndex2 FOREIGN KEY (class_id, teacher_id)
REFERENCES Classes (class_id, teacher_id)
)

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[Schools] [Students]
---------------- -----------------
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---------------- | StudentName |
-----------------

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