I want to match dates from two tables, and I want to match the six latest dates. If I have a match a will delete it from one of the tables.
I will do a while loop and do a delete for every date that already exist. If ,for example, the third date not have a match the loop must do a break.
but if all six is a match they all will be deleted from one table.
how to check it?
max(date)
max(date) - 1
max(date) - 2
...
Some one ho know and understand the question?
I want to compare two columns in the same table called start date and end date for one clientId.if clientId is having continuous refenceid and sartdate and enddate of reference that I don't need any caseopendate but if clientID has new reference id and it's start date is not continuous to its previous reference id then I need to set that start date as caseopendate.
I had 2 tables contain data: 1) old_data: 601,195 records firstname lastname address city state zip zip4
2) current_data: 410,185 records firstname lastname address city state zip zip4 3)Questions: How I write a query make to delete records? From table 'old_data' delete match records reference to table 'current_data' and keep the remain good records are from 'current_data' table.
****Here's below my test query that came up with if there are any error and please provide me any suggestion or new query. Very important task ....Thanks you to all.
/******* Delete current_data From old_data Cross Join current_data Where old_data.FirstName = current_data.FirstName and old_data.LastName = current_data.LastName and old_data.Address = current_data.Address ********/
The database has approx. 2500 temporary tables. The temp tables match a pattern such as APTMP... I tried deleting the tables in SSMS with the statement, Delete from Information_Schema.tables where substring(table_name,1,5) = 'APTMP' This returns the error message"Ad hoc updates to system catalogs are not allowed".
What is the correct way to delete a group of tables whose name match a pattern from within SSMS?
Need some quick help here.. The data I got from the text file use the "04/11/2007" date format and the StockDate in MS-SQL use the datetime datatype.
My understanding is that the "04/11/2007" will default to the 04/11/2007 12:00 am" format in MS-SQL.
So, when I use the sql query, how do search only for the date part of the data in MS-SQL and match it to the data from text file? I tried this SQL Query below.
--snip-- SELECT RawID FROM tblPurchaseRaw WHERE VIN = '" & sVin.ToString.Trim & "' AND StockDate = '" & dStockDate.ToString.Trim & "' --snip--
That way, if I get a row then I know the data is there. If I don't get a row then I know the data is not there.
Bold: I get it now. It is all automatic as MS-SQL does it automatically...
I'm looking for a way of taking a query which returns a set of date time fields (probable maximum of 20 rows) and looping through each value to see if it exists in a separate table.
E.g.
Query 1
Select ID, Person, ProposedEvent, DayField, TimeField from MyOptions where person = 'me'
Table
Select Person, ExistingEvent, DayField, TimeField from MyTimetable where person ='me'
Loop through Query 1 and if it finds ANY matching Dayfield AND Timefield in Query/Table 2, return the ProposedEvent (just as a message, the loop could stop there), if no match a message saying all is fine can proceed to process form blah blah.
I'm essentially wanting somebody to select a bunch of events in a form, query 1 then finds all the days and times those events happen and check that none of them exist in the MyTimetable table.
Hello, I run the DTS to copy data from Progress to SQL Server. How can match/convert the date variables to check. The field p-date as format 'mm-dd-year' . It has the value of 10/09/2001. The field s-date as varchar format. It has the value 2001-10-09. How can use the where condition ( Select ...... WHERE p-date = s-date.)
Hello there,Im not quiet sure this is the right forum, but what the...I got a database with eg. dates in..(Day-Month-Year)01-02-200802-02-2008 <-- Today03-02-2008 Then i want to find the date for yesterday, in this example 01-02-2008, and delete the record.. - How is this done?Hope you understand and can help me,Regards Jeppe Richardt
Hi All!I need help with a Statement!I am working with an Access2000 DB.I have the following Problem.ChNrLinieDatum Code 39 Stückzahl BHL1 BHL2 BMRH582-064L2.1008.03.2005 02:30:00FCAA14821701582-064L2.1008.03.2005 02:30:00FCAA14871701582-114L2.1208.03.2005 01:00:00FAC827501240582-114L2.1208.03.2005 01:00:00FAC827441240582-114L2.1208.03.2005 01:00:00FAC827501240582-094L2.707.03.2005 19:45:00FAE74323481582-094L2.707.03.2005 19:45:00FAE74489481582-094L2.707.03.2005 19:45:00FAE74489481581-294L2.807.03.2005 18:20:00FA8V2658221581-294L2.807.03.2005 18:20:00FA8V2652221581-294L2.807.03.2005 18:20:00FA8V2658221582-114L2.1207.03.2005 17:45:00FAAR20721236As you can see I have a few recordsets that are double. The Thing is, thereis an ID that makes them different.I need a Statement that deletes the surplus records where 'Datum' and'Linie' are identical to another record. 1 record has to remain of course.I thought of something like this.DELETE FROM tbAuswertWHERE EXISTS(SELECT *FROM tbAuswertWHERE (Linie AND Datum)IN (SELECT Linie AND Datum AS SuchkritFROM tbAuswertGROUP BY SuchkritHAVING ((Count(Suchkrit)>1)))But I get an error:You wanted to execute a Query that did not have the following expression'Not Linie = 0 And Not Datum = 0' in its AggregatefunctionPerhaps you ccan help me.ThanksJulia--Message posted via http://www.sqlmonster.com
Hello I am new to SSIS and learning as I go. Any guidance to my questions would be appreciated.
I wrote a script that takes the current date and subtracts a number of days/months from this date. I then attempted to use an SQL Task as a select with a parameter using the calculated date from the script. I was not successful in doing this. While performing searches on the WEB with the hopes of finding a solution I came upon the following text in the Microsoft forum under EXECUTE SQL TASK.
When you use an OLE DB Connection Manager, you cannot use parameterized subqueries because the Execute SQL task cannot derive parameter information through the OLE DB provider. However, you can use an expression to concatenate the parameter values into the query string and to set the SqlStatementSource property of the task.
Having come upon this statement I moved on to putting together an OLE DB SOURCE with a Flat File Destination. The SQL that I wrote is:
SELECT BP_ID, INVC_NBR, INVC_DT, BUS_ADD_DT FROM DW.CUST_SALE_ADDR WHERE (BUS_ADD_DT = ?)
The flat file destination was mainly used to confirm the select.
Having confirmed my select, I changed the select in the OLE DB SOURCE as follows:
DELETE FROM DW.CUST_SALE_ADDR WHERE (BUS_ADD_DT = ?)
I also removed the Flat File Destination. Needless to say when I tried to run the package I did not get very far as a package validation error was encountered since there were no output columns.
Can you share how I should go about peforming the delete as described from the table based on a calculated date? And am I not understanding the comment regarding the SQL Statement and the use of parameters?
I have these two tables Log and CategoryLog, I need to archive records older than 13 months in these two tables to two separate tables and then delete the archived records from Log and CategoryLog tables. The problem is that only 'Log' table has a date column, the other table CategoryLog does not have any date column. But the two tables are connected by a column(LogID). How to archive the data and then delete the archive data from both tables.
I want to delete all backup files from a folder older than a specific date. But if I use the beklow query, I need to pass how many days of older backup files I need to delete whereas in my case, I dont know how many days/month/syears of old backup files are there in the backup folder.
I have some simple files but they are failing because the delete history task is failing as it is looking for files in a non existent directory.
It is looking for files in C:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL ServerMSSQL10_50.INSTANCEMSSQLLog whereas it should be looking in C:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL ServerMSSQL10_50.MSSQLSERVERMSSQLLog
how I can get this corrected so I can get the Maintenance Plans to run correctly.
I have tried deleting and recreating the Plan but to no avail
I am using Master Data Service for couple of months now. I can load, update, merge and soft delete data in MDS. Occasionally we even have to hard delete data from MDS. If we keep on soft deleting records in a MDS table eventually there will be huge number of soft deleted records. Is there an easy way to hard delete all the soft deleted records from all MDS tables in a specific Model.
Background: Am working on completing an ORM that can not only handles CRUD actions -- but that can also updates the structure of a table transparently when the class defs change. Reason for this is that I can't get the SQL scripts that would work for updating a software on SqlServer to be portable to other DBMS systems. Doing it by code, rather than SQL batch has a chance of making cross-platform, updateable, software...
Anyway, because it needs to be cross-DBMS capable, the constraints are that the system used must work for the lowest common denominator....ie, a 'recipe' of steps that will work on all DBMS's.
The Problem: There might be simpler ways to do this with SqlServer (all ears :-) - just in case I can't make it cross platform right now) but, with simplistic DBMS's (SqlLite, etc) there is no way to ALTER table once formed: one has to COPY the Table to a new TMP name, adding a Column in the process, then delete the original, then rename the TMP to the original name.
This appears possible in SqlServer too --...as long as there are no CASCADE operations. Truncate table doesn't seem to be the solution, nor drop, as they all seem to trigger a Cascade delete in the Foreign Table.
So -- please correct me if I am wrong here -- it appears that the operations would be along the lines of: a) Remove the Foreign Key references b) Copy the table structure, and make a new temp table, adding the column c) Copy the data over d) Add the FK relations, that used to be in the first table, to the new table e) Delete the original f) Done?
The questions are: a) How does one alter a table to REMOVE the Foreign Key References part, if it has no 'name'. b) Anyone know of a good clean way to get, and save these constraints to reapply them to the new table. Hopefully with some cross platform ADO.NET solution? GetSchema etc appears to me to be very dbms dependant? c) ANY and all tips on things I might run into later that I have not mentioned, are also greatly appreciated.
I am having great difficulty with cascading deletes, delete triggers and referential integrity.
The database is in First Normal Form.
I have some tables that are child tables with two foreign keyes to two different parent tables, for example:
Table A / Table B Table C / Table D
So if I try to turn on cascading deletes for A/B, A/C, B/D and C/D relationships, I get an error that I cannot have cascading delete because it would create multiple cascade paths. I do understand why this is happening. If I delete a row in Table A, I want it to delete child rows in Table B and table C, and then child rows in table D as well. But if I delete a row in Table C, I want it to delete child rows in Table D, and if I delete a row in Table B, I want it to also delete child rows in Table D.
SQL sees this as cyclical, because if I delete a row in table A, both table B and table C would try to delete their child rows in table D.
Ok, so I thought, no biggie, I'll just use delete triggers. So I created delete triggers that will delete child rows in table B and table C when deleting a row in table A. Then I created triggers in both Table B and Table C that would delete child rows in Table D.
When I try to delete a row in table A, B or C, I get the error "Delete Statement Conflicted with COLUMN REFERENCE". This does not make sense to me, can anyone explain? I have a trigger in place that should be deleting the child rows before it attempts to delete the parent row...isn't that the whole point of delete triggers?????
This is an example of my delete trigger:
CREATE TRIGGER [DeleteA] ON A FOR DELETE AS Delete from B where MeetingID = ID; Delete from C where MeetingID = ID;
And then Table B and C both have delete triggers to delete child rows in table D. But it never gets to that point, none of the triggers execute because the above error happens first.
So if I then go into the relationships, and deselect the option for "Enforce relationship for INSERTs and UPDATEs" these triggers all work just fine. Only problem is that now I have no referential integrity and I can simply create unrestrained child rows that do not reference actual foreign keys in the parent table.
So the question is, how do I maintain referential integrity and also have the database delete child rows, keeping in mind that the cascading deletes will not work because of the multiple cascade paths (which are certainly required).
I'm trying to clean up a database design and I'm in a situation to where two tables need a FK but since it didn't exist before there are orphaned records.
Tables are:
Brokers and it's PK is BID
The 2nd table is Broker_Rates which also has a BID table.
I'm trying to figure out a t-sql statement that will parse through all the recrods in the Broker_Rates table and delete the record if there isn't a match for the BID record in the brokers table.
I know this isn't correct syntax but should hopefully clear up what I'm asking
this is my Delete Query NO 1 alter table ZT_Master disable trigger All Delete ZT_Master WHERE TDateTime> = DATEADD(month,DATEDIFF(month,0,getdate())-(select Keepmonths from ZT_KeepMonths where id =1),0) AND TDateTime< DATEADD(month,DATEDIFF(month,0,getdate()),0) alter table ZT_Master enable trigger All
I have troble in Delete Query No 2 here is a select statemnt , I need to delete them select d.* from ZT_Master m, ZT_Detail d where (m.Prikey=d.MasterKey) And m.TDateTime> = DATEADD(month,DATEDIFF(month,0,getdate())-(select Keepmonths from ZT_KeepMonths where id =1),0) AND m.TDateTime< DATEADD(month,DATEDIFF(month,0,getdate()),0) I tried modified it as below delete d.* from ZT_Master m, ZT_Detail d where (m.Prikey=d.MasterKey) And m.TDateTime> = DATEADD(month,DATEDIFF(month,0,getdate())-(select Keepmonths from ZT_KeepMonths where id =1),0) AND m.TDateTime< DATEADD(month,DATEDIFF(month,0,getdate()),0) but this doesn't works..
can you please help? and can I combine these 2 SQL Query into one Sql Query? thank you
I'm using SqlDataSource and an Access database. Let's say I got two tables:user: userID, usernamemessage: userID, messagetextLet's say a user can register on my website, and leave several messages there. I have an admin page where I can select a user and delete all of his messages just by clicking one button.What would be the best (and easiest) way to make this?Here's my suggestion:I have made a "delete query" (with userID as parameter) in MS Access. It deletes all messages of a user when I type in the userID and click ok.Would it be possible to do this on my ASP.net page? If yes, what would the script look like?(yes, it is a newbie question)
The requirement is: I should allow single row delete from a table but not bulk delete. An audit table should get updated if there is any single delete or single update. So I wrote the triggers as follows: for single and bulk delete
ALTER TRIGGER [dbo].[TRG_Delete_Bulk_tbl_attendance] ON [dbo].[tbl_attendance] AFTER DELETE AS
[code]...
When I try to run the website, the database error I am getting is:Transaction count after EXECUTE indicates that a COMMIT or ROLLBACK TRANSACTION statement is missing. Previous count = 0, current count = 1.
I ran the following query in Query Analyzer on a machine running SQL Server 2000. I'm attempting to delete from a linked server running SQL Server 2005:
DELETE FROM sql2005.production.dbo.products WHERE vendor='Foo' AND productId NOT IN ( SELECT productId FROM sql2000.staging.dbo.fooProductList )
The status message (and @@ROWCOUNT) told me 8 rows were affected, but nothing was actually deleted; when I ran a SELECT with the same criteria as the DELETE, all 8 rows are still there. So, once more I tried the DELETE command. This time it told me 7 rows were affected; when I ran the SELECT again, 5 of the rows were still there. Finally, after running this exact same DELETE query 5 times, I was able to remove all 8 rows. Each time it would tell me that a different number of rows had been deleted, and in no case was that number accurate.
I've never seen anything like this before. Neither of the tables involved were undergoing any other changes. There's no replication going on, or anything else that should introduce any delays. And I run queries like this all day, involving every thinkable combination of 2000 and 2005 servers, that don't give me any trouble.
Does anyone have suggestions on what might cause this sort of behavior?
I have a problem with one report on my server. A user has requested that I exclude him from receiving a timed email subscription to several reports. I was able to amend all the subscriptions except one. When I try to remove his email address from the subscription I receive this error:
An internal error occurred on the report server. See the error log for more details. (rsInternalError) Get Online Help
For more information about this error navigate to the report server on the local server machine, or enable remote errors
Online no help couldn't offer any advice at all, so I thought I'd just delete the subscription and recreate it again, but I receive the same message. "Okay, no problem, I'll just delete the report and redeploy it and set up the subscription so all the other users aren't affected", says I. "Oh, no!", says the report server, and then it give me this message:
System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapException: Server was unable to process request. ---> System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Only members of sysadmin role are allowed to update or delete jobs owned by a different login. at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection) at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObject stateObj) at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.Run(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.FinishExecuteReader(SqlDataReader ds, RunBehavior runBehavior, String resetOptionsString) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteReaderTds(CommandBehavior cmdBehavior, RunBehavior runBehavior, Boolean returnStream, Boolean async) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteReader(CommandBehavior cmdBehavior, RunBehavior runBehavior, Boolean returnStream, String method, DbAsyncResult result) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.InternalExecuteNonQuery(DbAsyncResult result, String methodName, Boolean sendToPipe) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Library.InstrumentedSqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Library.DBInterface.DeleteObject(String objectName) at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Library.RSService._DeleteItem(String item) at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Library.RSService.ExecuteBatch(Guid batchId) at Microsoft.ReportingServices.WebServer.ReportingService2005.ExecuteBatch() --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
What's even weirder is that I'm the owner and creator of the report and I'm a system admin and content manager on the report server and I set up the subscription when the report was initially deployed. Surely I should have sufficient rights to fart around with this subscription/report as I see fit?
I have rebooted the server, redeployed the report, checked credentials on the data source and tried amending and deleting from both the report manager and management studio but still I am prevented from doing so.
I have a table having single column id and n number of rows and 1 want to know all combination of id's where sum or subtraction of any two id's is equal to 7.
Hello, I am writing a SP, inside the SP i have a select statement. I also have another SP, when i run it, it sends a list back with all the users that are currently online. Now in my first SP, i want to construct a select statement that returns a users data, but only for the users that are online.
This is the first SP (GetAllOnlineUsers), that produces a list with users online (just abit rewritten from the membership function total users online): SELECT u.Username FROM dbo.aspnet_Users u(NOLOCK), dbo.aspnet_Applications a(NOLOCK), dbo.aspnet_Membership m(NOLOCK) WHERE u.ApplicationId = a.ApplicationId AND LastActivityDate > @DateActive AND a.LoweredApplicationName = LOWER(@ApplicationName) AND u.UserId = m.UserId
This is my second SP, in witch i want to get the online users data: SELECT m.username, d.data1, d.data2 FROM m.userstable INNER JOIN data ON (data.username = m.username) WHERE (m.username IN (EXEC GetAllOnlineUsers)) Is it possible to exec a SP into a select statement?
It seems my sysindexes table is inaccurate on a nonclustered index. In my case the rowcount (rows and rowcnt) do not match the actual rowcount of the table. The command UPDATE STATISTICS doesn't change the rows or rowcount, adding 'FULSLCAN' won't budge rowcount either.
After I did a dbcc reindex, the number of rows matched, however, upon adding rows in the table both rows and rowcount are out of sync again.
It's a fairly straightforward table, no triggers, no computed fields, only integer, datetime, varchar and bigint columns. There's a clustered index on a bigint column and a nonclustered index on a integer column.
dbcc show_statistics show that the nonclustered index is updated and it's rows and rows sampled match the number of rows in the table (not in the sysindexes-table).
I'd like to know if I'm chasing ghosts here or if there's something very wrong here. What could be causing the counts being inaccurate? Anyone who could shed some light?
SELECT Countries.Name, Companies.ShortName, Persons.FirstName, Persons.LastName, PersonSkills.Skills FROM PersonSkills INNER JOIN....
How can I choose a certain value from PersonSkills.Skills?
for example, I would like to choose a value from PersonSkills.Skills that matches a certain product. I can do the Max/Min value but the selected value needs to match the product.
The tables that I have are: PersonSkills: id, ProductID, Skills
Product: id, ProductName
Ive been reading and playing around with this without success.
I want to select Property names or owner id from table A where there is no match between owner ID in table A and B , for example Property 3 in red. In table A only one person can be listed as owner of property. In table B many people can be listed as owner of the same property.
The way i script will return property 1 twice (as no match) because the owner ID from table A '123456' mismatch twice with owner ID from table B
'111111' and '222222'. I dont want Property 1 to be selected at all because the owner '123456' is listed as one of the owners in Table B
I have two tables in the same DB, one named “Client” one named “Case”.
-One column inside Client is “ClientID”, another is “ClientCode”.
-One column inside Case is “CaseID” and another is “ClientCode”, which corresponds to the ClientCode column in the previous table.
I need a file with output that looks like this CaseID+ClientID.
So, an example row from the “Client” table” could be ClientID = 123, ClientCode=999. An example row from the “Case table” could be CaseID=555, ClientCode=999. So, I need output of 555123 .
Scenario: 2 sets of data Set 1 (200 records): firstname, lastname, address, city, phone Set 2 (100 records): firstname, lastname, address, city, phone
I run a query using phone as criteria/condition (where xx.phone=yy.phone). I got 75 matches based on the phone numbers
However, if I deleted the phone numbers from set 2 data, used below query, the return result is only 45 matches. My question is what technique that I can use to optimize the result just based on criteria like first, last, and address.
select xx.firstname, xx.lastname, yy.Firstname, yy.Lastname, xx.address, yy.address, xx.city, yy.city, yy.phone from set2 xx, set1 yy where substring(soundex(xx.Firstname),0,3)=substring(soundex(yy.Firstname),0,3) and substring(soundex(xx.lastname),0,4)=substring(soundex(yy.Lastname),0,4) and substring(xx.address,1,7)= substring(yy.address,1,7) and xx.city=yy.city;
I have a table of employees and two sites. Most employees only do shifts at the one site but may occasionally work at the other site. What i want is the details of those who have worked at both sites.
for e.g.
Employees 1 Dave 2 Peter 3 John
Site 1 Mon John Tue Peter Wed John Thu John Fri Peter
Site 2 Mon Dave Tue Dave Wed Dave Thu Dave Fri Peter
So the answer should be 2 Peter. Hope this explains the problem. Probably very obvious but it has me stumped.
In the trading (stock market) industry there is a practice of rolling up (merging) multiple trades into a single trade in an effort to save on ticket charges. The way this is done is performing a SUM() on the quantities and calculating an average price. (Average price is the SUM(Qty * Price) / SUM(Qty).
Here is my dilema: If given a set of trades, I need to loop through them and check every combination to determine which one matches the expected rolled-up final trade. In other words,
If I know that the final trade is:
15 $10
And I have the following trades in my set:
TradeId Qty Price 1 10 $10 2 7 $20 3 5 $10
I need to check the roll-up of trades (1, 2), (1, 3), and (2, 3) and determine that it final trade was made by rolling up trades 1 and 3.
In the real situation, the number of trades that I need to check is not set to a specific number.
Any help would be appreciated. Cursors, temp tables, functions, recursive calls, .NET (I am running SQL 2005 so have access to CLR) are ALL acceptable solutions...
Here is a sample SQL code (table and data) to work with.
HiI am using SQL 2005, VB 2005I am trying to insert a record using parameters using the following code as per MotLey suggestion and it works finestring insertSQL; insertSQL = "INSERT INTO Issue(ProjectID, TypeofEntryID, PriorityID ,Title, Area) VALUES (@ProjectID, @TypeofEntryID, @PriorityID ,@Title, @Area)"; cmdInsert SqlCommand; cmdInsert=new SqlCommand(insertSQL,conn); cmdInsert.Parameters.Add("@ProjectID",SqlDbType.Varchar).Value=ProjectID.Text; My query is how to detail with dates my previous code wasinsertSQL += "convert(datetime,'" + DateTime.Now.ToString("dd/MM/yy") + "',3), '";I tried the code below but the record doesn't save?string date = DateTime.Now.ToString("dd/MM/yy"); insertSQL = "INSERT INTO WorkFlow(IssueID, TaskID, TaskDone, Date ,StaffID) VALUES (@IDIssue, @IDTask, @TaskDone, convert(DateTime,@Date,3),@IDStaff)"; cmdInsert.Parameters.Add("IDIssue", SqlDbType.Int).Value = IDIssue.ToString();cmdInsert.Parameters.Add("IDTask",SqlDbType.Int).Value = IDTask.Text;cmdInsert.Parameters.Add("TaskDone",SqlDbType.VarChar).Value = TaskDoneTxtbox.Text;cmdInsert.Parameters.Add("Date",SqlDbType.DateTime).Value = date;cmdInsert.Parameters.Add("IDStaff",SqlDbType.Int).Value = IDStaff.Text;Could someone point to me in the right direction?Thanks in advance
