SQL 2012 :: Create Table With Both Keys As Foreign (error)

Dec 15, 2014

I'm trying to create a table in Microsoft Server Management Studio 2012. The table has two fields which are both foreign keys.

I created the following:

create table tblRoomEquipment(
RoomID nvarchar(8),
EquipmentType nvarchar(1),
foreign key (RoomID) references tblRoom(ID),
foreign key (EquipmentType) references tblEquipment(Type)
)

Both tblRoom and tblEquipment have the red line error which when I highlight say the they both reference an invalid table!

Both tables are there and have primary keys defined as ID & Type. I have searched around and all I could find was that there maybe a permission problem.

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Create Table With Foreign Keys

May 30, 2007

How do I create a table with a foreign key

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Import Csv Data To Dbo.Tables Via CREATE TABLE && BUKL INSERT:How To Designate The Primary-Foreign Keys && Set Up Relationship?

Jan 28, 2008

Hi all,

I use the following 3 sets of sql code in SQL Server Management Studio Express (SSMSE) to import the csv data/files to 3 dbo.Tables via CREATE TABLE & BUKL INSERT operations:

-- ImportCSVprojects.sql --

USE ChemDatabase

GO

CREATE TABLE Projects

(

ProjectID int,

ProjectName nvarchar(25),

LabName nvarchar(25)

);

BULK INSERT dbo.Projects

FROM 'c:myfileProjects.csv'

WITH

(

FIELDTERMINATOR = ',',

ROWTERMINATOR = ''

)

GO
=======================================
-- ImportCSVsamples.sql --

USE ChemDatabase

GO

CREATE TABLE Samples

(

SampleID int,

SampleName nvarchar(25),

Matrix nvarchar(25),

SampleType nvarchar(25),

ChemGroup nvarchar(25),

ProjectID int

);

BULK INSERT dbo.Samples

FROM 'c:myfileSamples.csv'

WITH

(

FIELDTERMINATOR = ',',

ROWTERMINATOR = ''

)

GO
=========================================
-- ImportCSVtestResult.sql --

USE ChemDatabase

GO

CREATE TABLE TestResults

(

AnalyteID int,

AnalyteName nvarchar(25),

Result decimal(9,3),

UnitForConc nvarchar(25),

SampleID int

);

BULK INSERT dbo.TestResults

FROM 'c:myfileLabTests.csv'

WITH

(

FIELDTERMINATOR = ',',

ROWTERMINATOR = ''

)

GO

========================================
The 3 csv files were successfully imported into the ChemDatabase of my SSMSE.

2 questions to ask:
(1) How can I designate the Primary and Foreign Keys to these 3 dbo Tables?
Should I do this "designate" thing after the 3 dbo Tables are done or during the "Importing" period?
(2) How can I set up the relationships among these 3 dbo Tables?

Please help and advise.

Thanks in advance,
Scott Chang

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Apr 11, 2006

Hello again,

I'm going through my tables and rewriting them so that I can create relationship-based constraints and create foreign keys among my tables. I didn't have a problem with a few of the tables but I seem to have come across a slightly confusing hiccup.

Here's the query for my Classes table:

Code:

CREATE TABLE Classes
(
class_id
INT
IDENTITY
PRIMARY KEY
NOT NULL,

teacher_id
INT
NOT NULL,

class_title
VARCHAR(50)
NOT NULL,

class_grade
SMALLINT
NOT NULL
DEFAULT 6,

class_tardies
SMALLINT
NOT NULL
DEFAULT 0,

class_absences
SMALLINT
NOT NULL
DEFAULT 0,

CONSTRAINT Teacher_instructs_ClassFKIndex1 FOREIGN KEY (teacher_id)
REFERENCES Users (user_id)
)

This statement runs without problems and I Create the relationship with my Users table just fine, having renamed it to teacher_id. I have a 1:n relationship between users and tables AND an n:m relationship because a user can be a student or a teacher, the difference is one field, user_type, which denotes what type of user a person is. In any case, the relationship that's 1:n from users to classes is that of the teacher instructing the class. The problem exists when I run my query for the intermediary table between the class and the gradebook:

Code:

CREATE TABLE Classes_have_Grades
(
class_id
INT
PRIMARY KEY
NOT NULL,

teacher_id
INT
NOT NULL,

grade_id
INT
NOT NULL,

CONSTRAINT Grades_for_ClassesFKIndex1 FOREIGN KEY (grade_id)
REFERENCES Grades (grade_id),

CONSTRAINT Classes_have_gradesFKIndex2 FOREIGN KEY (class_id, teacher_id)
REFERENCES Classes (class_id, teacher_id)
)

Query Analyzer spits out: Quote: Originally Posted by Query Analyzer There are no primary or candidate keys in the referenced table 'Classes' that match the referencing column list in the foreign key 'Classes_have_gradesFKIndex2'. Now, I know in SQL Server 2000 you can only have one primary key. Does that mean I can have a multi-columned Primary key (which is in fact what I would like) or does that mean that just one field can be a primary key and that a table can have only the one primary key?

In addition, what is a "candidate" key? Will making the other fields "Candidate" keys solve my problem?

Thank you for your assistance.

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Sep 10, 2015

Probably not the best "Subject Title", but no the less what I am looking for is a way to get the order in which I should insert data into a table that has 10 FK's to it. I have queries that list them out for me, but they do that in what seems to be alphabetical order. You can also right click the table in question and select view dependencies, but that as well appears to be in alphabetical order.

Is there any query or any way to see what order I should be inserting and/or deleting data into FK tables?

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Mar 19, 2014

I have a table called Appointment, for storing (you guessed it) appointments at a medical practice. If an appointment is cancelled, I want to collect a cancellation reason, so let's say that I create a second table called Cancellation which has a foreign key relating to the Appointment table's primary key, AppointmentID, and another column, Reason. Now, in order to indicate that an appointment was cancelled, I could include a Cancelled column in the Appointment table with a bit datatype, or instead I could infer that an appointment must be cancelled if it has a corresponding record in the Cancellation table.

It may be that it'd be better to store the cancellation reason in the Appointment table - But regardless, let's say I stick with the two-table solution described above, and I subsequently want to write a query to list all appointments which have been cancelled. If I had the Cancelled column in the Appointment table, I could simply query for all records in that table where that column's value was FALSE. If I went the other way and DIDN'T have a Cancelled column, I could instead write a query joining the Appointment and Cancellation tables to return all records in Appointment with a corresponding record in Cancellation.

That latter method, whilst slightly more complicated because it involves joining two tables, seems to me to be the most normalised. Instead of storing the fact that an appointment is cancelled in two different tables, that fact is only stored in the Cancellation table. Would there be a performance hit in using the two-table, 'inferred cancellation' method rather than just having a bit column in the Appointment table? Would that performance hit be enough to persuade you to use a Cancellation column in the Appointment table instead? And what about if I were to apply that method to other things associated with each appointment, e.g. Is it completed? Is it chargeable to the client or an insurance company? Is the client and in-patient or out-patient?

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Apr 6, 2007

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Jun 13, 2006

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Aug 16, 2004

I have two tables as below. I want to update a quote and change the item for which it is for. So I want to do an update statement to change the cat_ref that the quote is for. However, when I do this I get a foreign key conflict with cat_ref in the item table. How do I get around this? Thanks


Code:

CREATE TABLE Item (
cat_ref VARCHAR(5)PRIMARY KEY,
descrip VARCHAR(50),
date_added SMALLDATETIME,
cat_type VARCHAR(20))


CREATE TABLE has_quote (
quote_id INT IDENTITY (1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
date_last_pricecheck SMALLDATETIME,
cat_ref VARCHAR(5)FOREIGN KEY
REFERENCES Item(cat_ref)
ON DELETE CASCADE,
first_name VARCHAR(10),
surname VARCHAR(10),
FOREIGN KEY (first_name, surname)
REFERENCES Customer(first_name, surname)
ON DELETE CASCADE
ON UPDATE CASCADE)

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Feb 5, 2008

Hello,


I have a very elementary question on table design. This screenshot (which is part of a larger diagram) sets the context of the question.




There are two distinct groups of products with different attributes, hence two separate tables: Products_A and Products_B.
There's a third table that keeps track of daily production (DailyProduction), which must accept items from either product table. Now, my question is: How do I relate these two tables to "DailyProduction" ? If I place a double-constraint with two foreign keys, then I get an error whenever I attempt to insert a record in DailyProduction. For example, if the new item is of "Products_A" type, then the error message from SSMS is:


No row was updated.

The data in row 1 was not committed.
Error Source: .Net SqlClient Data Provider.
Error Message: The INSERT statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK_DailyProduction_Products_B". The conflict occurred in database "MyDatabase", table "dbo.Products_B", column 'ProductB_ID'.
The statement has been terminated.


Correct the errors and retry or press ESC to cancel the change(s).


It's clear that the error message makes sense as SQL is trying to apply BOTH constraints. It's one AND the other, not one OR the other. Now, how do I remedy this ? What would be the most appropriate way to relate the three tables ?


Thanks.

Fernando

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Oct 26, 2007

The following SQL statements give me an error on the last line:

CREATE TABLE Employees (id int PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, name nvarchar(50));
CREATE TABLE RandomTable (uniq int PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, empid1 int NOT NULL, empid2 int NOT NULL);
ALTER TABLE RandomTable ADD CONSTRAINT RandomTable_FKey_1 FOREIGN KEY (empid1) REFERENCES Employees (id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
ALTER TABLE RandomTable ADD CONSTRAINT RandomTable_FKey_2 FOREIGN KEY (empid2) REFERENCES Employees (id) ON DELETE CASCADE;

The error is:

"The referential relationship will result in a cyclical reference that is not allowed."

Um...how is this cyclical? Is it because I have multiple cascade paths? If so, how do I go about doing the same thing?

Thanks,
Jeff

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May 21, 2008

i'm using sql express, management studio express and a visual web developer starter kit.
i have 4 tables: items; categories; categorization; old_items
the old_items table has both the item id and category fields in it, the new db has them separated: items.id; categories.id; categorization.itemId, categorizaton.parentCategoryId, both of which are foreign keys.
i need to get the old_item.id and old_item.category values into the new categorization table but it keeps choking on the foreign keys and i can't get past it.  as far as i've been able to figure out so far, i need to turn off the foreign keys to do the insert but i'm not sure and i haven't been able to find any sql query examples that demonstrate it or explain it well enough for my n00b self.
i've read http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/10cetyt6.aspx, "How to: Disable Foreign Key Constraints with INSERT and UPDATE Statements" but i don't get how that affects it, it seems like one of the other options would actually disable them.
can anyone help?  i've been trying all the permutations of queries i can think of and not getting it.
thanks.

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Apr 18, 2007

Kinda new to SQL, using SQL Server 2005.I have some foreign keys in a couple of tables. I need to drop thesetables, but can't since I'll get the error:Msg 3726,Level 16, State 1, Line 1Could not drop object 'Client' because it is referenced by a FOREIGNKEY constraint.I'm not sure how to disable or get rid of these foreign keys so that Ican drop my tables. I tried:ALTER TABLE Client NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALLAlter Table Client Drop Column Foreign Key Boss_ID;I went into the Object Explorer and deleted the FK lines from eachtable, but still the same error.What am I doing wrong?Thanks for your help.

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Mar 27, 2006

What is the best way to detect that a sqlserver table row has foreign keys and cannot be deleted?Thanks,Keith

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Apr 23, 2015

I've attempted to identify a primary and foreign key in these two tables, but I am getting a bunch of errors re duplicate keys and column names needing to be unique.Perhaps the primary and foreign key I have identified don't meet the criteria?

CREATE TABLE StockNames
(
-- Added Primary key to [stock_symbol]
[stock_symbol] VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT PK_stock_symbol PRIMARY KEY,
[stock_name] VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL,
[stock_exchange] VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

[code].....

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A Basic History Table - Foreign Keys And Deletes

Nov 19, 2007

Let's say you have a Users table, which simply contains a collection of people. Each person has attributes like their password, first and last name, username, etc. It would be useful to track changes to that table over time, so that if an entry is changed, you can simply look at a history table and see which changes occured, and when.

An INSERT/UPDATE trigger works well for this sort of thing, where the trigger inserts all of the 'INSERTED' values into a history table that has basically the same table definition as the Users table. But it gets tricky when considering Deletes.

If my History table entries reference back to the User in the Users table, this means that if I ever want to delete the user, I need to delete all their History first. This means I can't keep records of user deletions, which is significant. The other approach is not to have a foreign key reference in the History table, so that if a user is deleted, I can still keep my History about that user. Including deletes.

I have been timid about doing it this way, since I felt it broke the idea of a well structured database. Is there a better way to approach this? Is there a standard way to set up triggered history to track changes, including deletions, from a table?

Thanks,
-Dan

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Jul 16, 2014

what the best practice is for creating indexes on columns that are foreign keys to the primary keys of other tables. For example:

[Schools] [Students]
---------------- -----------------
| SchoolId PK|<-. | StudentId PK|
| SchoolName | '--| SchoolId |
---------------- | StudentName |
-----------------

The foreign key above is as:

ALTER TABLE [Students] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Students_Schools]
FOREIGN KEY([SchoolId]) REFERENCES [Schools] ([SchoolId])

What kind of index would ensure best performance for INSERTs/UPDATEs, so that SQL Server can most efficiently check the FK constraints? Would it be simply:

CREATE INDEX IX_Students_SchlId ON Students (SchoolId)
Or
CREATE INDEX IX_Students_SchlId ON Students (SchoolId, StudentId)

In other words, what's best practice for adding an index which best supports a Foreign Key constraint?

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Jun 23, 2006

Hello,I have 2 tables:- Customers with columns:customerID(prim_key),customerName(with customer's names)- Deliveries with columns:deliveryID(primKey),sender(ref_key to CustomerID from Customers),receiver(also ref_key to CustomerID from Customers);I need to select all data about deliveries, but instead of havingsender's ID and receiver's ID, I need to have their Names.I tried to do:SELECTdeliveries.deliveryID,Customers.customerName AS sender,Customers.customerName AS receiverFROMcustomers, deliveriesWHERECustomers.customerID=Deliveries.sender ANDCustomers.customerID=Deliveries.receiver;But this only works if sender=receiver, which is obvious ;)I'd like to know if there is any other way for obtaining those datawithin one queryThank you very much for your helpChris

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I am still new to SQL and I am having trouble obtaining the results I need from a query. I have worked on this command for some time and searched the internet but cannot seem to still get it correct.

I have a table called Patient. It's primary key is pat_id.

I have a second table called Coverage. It has no primary key. The foreign keys are pat_id, coverage_plan_id, and hosp_status.

I have a third table called Coverage_History.   It has a primary key consisting of pat_id, hosp_status, copay_priority, and effective_from. 

I want to get the pat_id and all the coverage information that is current.   The coverage table contains specific insurance policy information.   The coverage_history table will indicate the effective dates for the coverage. So the tables could contain something like this:

Patient (pat_id and lname)
P123  Monto
P124  Minto
P125  Dento
P126  Donto

Coverage (pat_id, coverage_plan_id, hosp_status, policy_num)
P123     MED1   OP   A1499
P123     ACT4   OP   H39B 
P124     MED1   OP   C90009
P124     RAC    OP   99KKKK
P124     RAC    OP   99KKKK
P124     MED1   OP   C90009
P125     ARP    OP   G190
P126     BCB    OP   H88

Coverage_History (pat_id, hosp_status, copay_priority, effective_from, coverage_plan_id, effective_to)
P123   OP   1   20150102  MED1    NULL
P123   OP   2   20150102  ACT4    NULL
P124   OP   1   20150203  RAC     20150430
P124   OP   2   20150203  MED1    20150430
P124   OP   1   20150501  MED1    NULL
P124   OP   2   20150501  RAC     NULL
P125   OP   1   20150801  ARP     NULL 
P126   OP   1   20150801  BCB     20160101

select p.pat_id, p.lname, ch.coverage_plan_id, ch.hosp_status, ch.effective_from, ch.effective_to, ch.copay_priority,
       from patient p   
     left join
  ( coverage_history ch left join coverage c on ch.coverage_plan_id = c.coverage_plan_id and ch.patient_id = c.patient_id and
                                   (ch.effective_to is NULL or ch.effective_to >= getdate()
)
         ) on ch.patient_id = p.patient_id
        
    where ( ch.effective_to is NULL or ch.effective_to >= getdate() )
   
So I want to see:

P123  Monto  MED1  OP   20150102    NULL       1
P123  Monto  ACT4  OP   20150102    NULL       2
P124  Minto  MED1  OP   20150501    NULL       1
P124  Minto  RAC   OP   20150501    NULL       2
P125  Dento  ARP   OP   20150801    NULL       1
P126  Donto  BCB   OP   20150801    20160101    1

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I have an issue where i am mandated to enforce RI on an applications database (a good thing). but I have several common lookup tables where many of the "codes" reside for many different code types. I also have the mandate that i cannot change the underlying DDL to make composite keys to match the codes table PK. I am currently looking at creating indexed views on top of the Codes table to seperate the logical tables it contains. This is several hundred views.

I do know that I do not want to write several hundred triggers to enforce RI. Table schema below, the CdValue column is the column that is used throughout the hundreds of tables that use this codes table, and their corresponding column is not named the same.

CREATE TABLE dbo.CodesTable (
PartyGrpId INT  NOT NULL
  , CdTyp  VARCHAR ( 8 ) NOT NULL
  , CompId INT  NOT NULL
  , CdValue VARCHAR ( 8 ) NOT NULL
  , CdValueDesc VARCHAR ( 255 ) NULL
  , AltValueDesc VARCHAR ( 100 ) NULL

[Code] ....

I did though run into one forum where a person brought up a great idea. Filtered Foreign Keys, what a novel concept, if it could work it would make so much less code to fix an issue like this.

ALTER TABLE dbo.BusinessStatus WITH NOCHECK
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_dbo_BusinessStatus_CodesTable FOREIGN KEY (LoanStsDtCd) REFERENCES dbo.CodesTable (CdValue) WHERE CdTyp = 'Status'

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Apr 12, 2007

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Thanks 

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Nov 22, 2007

Hello!I have a table A with fields id,startdate and other fields. id and startdateare in the primary key.In the table B I want to introduce a Foreign key to field id of table A.Is this possible? If yes, which kind of key I have to build in table A?Thx in advance,Fritz

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Oct 20, 2015

Is there a way to find all the table names that have a foreign key that references FILE_ID_IN([FILE_ID])

Note: The table def below has a foreign key

IF object_id('CODE_MAP_IN', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE CODE_MAP_IN
Print 'Creating table CODE_MAP_IN...'
Create table CODE_MAP_IN
(
[CODE_MAP_FR] [varchar] (53),
[CODE_MAP_TO] [varchar] (53),
[FILE_ID] [float] DEFAULT 1000
PRIMARY KEY ([CODE_MAP_FR]),
FOREIGN KEY ([FILE_ID]) REFERENCES FILE_ID_IN([FILE_ID])
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

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Apr 17, 2007

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shiva kumar

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Aug 24, 1999

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thanks in advance

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Mar 29, 2001

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Doug Smith

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Oct 25, 2001

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Oct 4, 2004

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Mar 10, 2004

I need to know if this is required? I have products, with the help of their business account numbers, are naturally categorized numerically. I want to create a product category table and a product account table.


Example :
tbProductCategories
TypeCode | Description
1000 | Cups
2000 | Plates

tbProductAccounts
Account | Description
1001 | Mug
1002 | Glass
2001 | Plate
2002 | Saucer


With the above tables (which are made up :) ), would you include
a foreign key in tbProductAccounts indicating the type code?

What would the stored proc look like without it?


Create Procedure usp_GetProductAccounts

@iTypeCode int

AS

SELECT tbProductAccounts.Account,
tbProductAccounts.Description
FROM tbProductAccounts
WHERE tbProductAccounts.Account - iTypeCode > 0 AND < 999

Would this work? Or should the foriegn key always be included?

Mike B

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I am creating a series of foreign keys in my new database, and so far everything is going fine. The company I work for never uses them, and I am working on my own stuff on my own time now.

I come across one table that I do want one field to allow zeroes, but when its set to a value, to exist in the other table.

To be more specific. I have a PO type table, which has an EmployeeID of the person who made the PO, and another field to store who received the PO when the order arrives. I want that 2nd Employee field to be zero until it's received.

I created an employee of zero, to allow the foreign key to be created. But all the other tables that have foreign keys to my Employee table I would prefer to not allow zeroes. So I changed them to use a check of (employeeid > 0).

Is it possible to have a foreign key say that I want the value from the Field in Table A to exist in table B, or to be zero? Or would it just be easier to leave off the foreign key in this one case?


Tks

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Dec 15, 2006

Shiry writes "Hi, I'm a beginner and I'm a bit stuck here..

I'm creating this database for my homework, I'm using Marks & Spencer as an
example. It has a table, products, for the clothes

id
name
cat_id ....... connected to typ_cat
colour_id ...... connected to typ_colour
size_id ....... connected to typ_size
price
sup_id ....... connected to typ_sup ...... but here i'm stuck a bit, are you
allowed to connect a typ_table to another typ_table?

this is the typ_sup:
id
name
address
city_id ......... connected to typ_city

or rather have a separate sup table with the same id, name, address, city_id
id will be connected to typ_sup
and the products table.. sup_id will then be connected to typ_sup..?

What way is better? and is it allowed to connect a typ_table to another
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Thanks in advance!!!!

Shiry"

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Oct 11, 2006

I have created two tables:

UserInfo:

UserID (PK)

Hairid

eyeColorid

faceShapeid



and

HairInfo:

HairInfoID (PK)

Hairid

HairDesc

Now I want to have a one to many relationship between UserInfo and HairInfo. I want to specify Hairid as the foreign key in the HairInfo table. Here UserInfo is the parent and HairInfo is the child. I am using SQL server 2000. Is there a way to do it using the Enterprise manager interface. Can someone run me through the steps to do it.

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