Scalar Value
Nov 5, 2006What is the definition of a scalar value in a relational database?
thx,
Kat
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Need Help - UDF SQL 00 To Scalar SQL 05
Jul 7, 2006I'm having trouble with the UDF's I had in SQL 2000 that were migrated to SQL 2005 under the SCALAR FUNCTION item. Before in 2000 you just created the UDF, named it and saved. IN SQL 2005 you create/modify and then have to save it as a .SQL file to a folder. First of all, what folder should it go to so that all can use and secondly, when I do this and run the functions it doesn't work... I need to modify the scalar function and
save it with out saving to a .SQL file. How do I do this or is this the new way to create/modify functions. Any help is much appreciated
thanks
Execute Scalar ?
Sep 20, 2007I'm trying to do something like the code below, but it's saying "specified cast is not valid"
If i change the value returned to an "int", it works fine. My issue is, i'd like to get the value returned with more accuracy than an int as there will be 2 decimal places.protected float getProjectHours(string project)
{string selectCmd = "SELECT SUM(hours) FROM tasks WHERE project=@project";
string strConnection = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["TimeAccountingConnectionString"].ConnectionString;SqlConnection myConnection = new SqlConnection(strConnection);
SqlCommand myCommand = new SqlCommand(selectCmd, myConnection);myCommand.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@project", SqlDbType.VarChar));myCommand.Parameters["@project"].Value = project;
myConnection.Open();float total = (float)myCommand.ExecuteScalar();
myConnection.Close();
return total;
}
Must Declare Scalar @.....
Oct 26, 2007Hi everyone,
I am getting that infamous message on an INSERT Sql query. I am doing everything right by the looks of it. All variables are either passed in through a custom form, or else declared and initialised in the body of the script.
I post the relevent code below:
SQLsqlInsertEmail = "INSERT INTO CandidateLogins (SiteID, LoginName, CandidateEmail, DateRegistered) " & _" VALUES (@SiteID, @LoginName, @CandidateEmail, @DateRegistered); SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY()"Try sqlSetCandidateEmail.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@SiteID", SqlDbType.Int)) sqlSetCandidateEmail.Parameters("@SiteID").Value = SiteID sqlSetCandidateEmail.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@LoginName", SqlDbType.VarChar)) sqlSetCandidateEmail.Parameters("@LoginName").Value = userName sqlSetCandidateEmail.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@CandidateEmail", SqlDbType.VarChar)) sqlSetCandidateEmail.Parameters("@CandidateEmail").Value = email sqlSetCandidateEmail.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@DateRegistered", SqlDbType.DateTime)) sqlSetCandidateEmail.Parameters("@DateRegistered").Value = DateRegistered sqlSetCandidateEmail = New SqlCommand(sqlInsertEmail, C4LConnection)
C4LConnection.Open() CandidateID = sqlSetCandidateEmail.ExecuteScalar()
Catch Exp As SqlException lblResults.Visible = True lblResults.Text = "Unable to Register Jobseeker: " & Exp.MessageFinallyC4LConnection.Close()End Try
All the variables passed into the SQL statement are initialised, with SiteID beign set to '0', rather than Null (none of the fields are Nullable in the database table) and I have checked that the SqlDbType's correspend to the Table Definition
So far as I can discern, everything is correct and as can be seen, I am not using a stored procedure in this instance, but the script falls over be producing the error message "Must Declare Scalar @SiteID", even though SiteID is declared as Int32 further up in the script.
Any help would be appreciated.
UD Scalar Function
Mar 5, 2008I want to add four fields of a table and place the toatal in a new field.Also I wanna have the average of the fields.
For e.g
I have created a marksheet having four subjects.Now I wanna add the subjects and find the average of the subjects and place them in two different fields in the same table along with the respective names in the table.Pls help.
Thanks in advance.
Getdate In Scalar UDF
Sep 25, 2015My question is: can I use GETDATE function in scalar UDF as below:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetDateFunction()
RETURNS DateTime
AS
BEGIN
RETURN GetDate();
END
I have seen this UDF definition in tutorial,but I thought non-deterministic functions can not be used in UDF.
I also looked at two sites to find out but both says differently:
Technet: [URL] ... states that functions that return different values on each call can not be used in UDF.
MSDN: [URL] .... states that nondeterministic built-in functions can be used in Transact-SQL user-defined functions and in the list of functions GETDATE is listed.
How to verify which one is true?
Must Declare The Scalar Variable
Jul 17, 2006Hello!
I have a aspx page in which I have a Gidview populated by a sqlDataSouce.
This is my code:
<%@ Page Language="VB" AutoEventWireup="false" CodeFile="CostEmployee1.aspx.vb" Inherits="RecursosHumanos_CostEmployee1" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" ><head runat="server"> <title>Untitled Page</title></head><body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False" CellPadding="4"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1" ForeColor="#333333" GridLines="None" Style="z-index: 100; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px"> <FooterStyle BackColor="#507CD1" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" /> <Columns> <asp:TemplateField> <ItemTemplate> <asp:LinkButton ID="Editar" Text="Editar" runat="server" CommandName="Edit"></asp:LinkButton> </ItemTemplate> <EditItemTemplate> <asp:LinkButton ID="LinkButton1" runat="server" CausesValidation="True" CommandName="Update"
Text="Actualizar" style="color: white"></asp:LinkButton> <asp:LinkButton ID="LinkButton2" runat="server" CausesValidation="False" CommandName="Cancel"
Text="Cancelar" style="color: white"></asp:LinkButton> </EditItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField> <ItemTemplate> <asp:LinkButton ID="Apagar" Text="Apagar" runat="server" CommandName="Delete" OnClientClick='return confirm("Tem a certeza que deseja apagar este registo?");' CausesValidation="false"></asp:LinkButton> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Id_CostEmployee" InsertVisible="False" SortExpression="Id_CostEmployee"> <EditItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Id_CostEmployee") %>'></asp:Label> </EditItemTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("Id_CostEmployee") %>'></asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Id_Employee" SortExpression="Id_Employee"> <EditItemTemplate> <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox1" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("Id_Employee") %>'></asp:TextBox> </EditItemTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("Id_Employee") %>'></asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="FullName" SortExpression="FullName"> <EditItemTemplate> <asp:TextBox ID="textbox5" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("FullName")%>'></asp:TextBox> </EditItemTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label6" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("FullName") %>'></asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="NumEmployee" SortExpression="NumEmployee"> <EditItemTemplate> <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox6" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("NumEmployee") %>'></asp:TextBox> </EditItemTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label7" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("NumEmployee") %>'></asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Period" SortExpression="Period"> <EditItemTemplate> <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox2" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("Period") %>'></asp:TextBox> </EditItemTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label3" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("Period") %>'></asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="CostHour" SortExpression="CostHour"> <EditItemTemplate> <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox3" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("CostHour") %>'></asp:TextBox> </EditItemTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label4" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("CostHour") %>'></asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Date" SortExpression="Date"> <EditItemTemplate> <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox4" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("Date") %>'></asp:TextBox> </EditItemTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label5" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("Date") %>'></asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> </Columns> <RowStyle BackColor="#EFF3FB" /> <EditRowStyle BackColor="#2461BF" /> <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="#D1DDF1" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#333333" /> <PagerStyle BackColor="#2461BF" ForeColor="White" HorizontalAlign="Center" /> <HeaderStyle BackColor="#507CD1" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" /> <AlternatingRowStyle BackColor="White" /> </asp:GridView> <asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:EuroscutConnectionString %>" SelectCommand="SELECT [HR.CostEmployee].Id_CostEmployee, [HR.CostEmployee].Id_Employee, [HR.CostEmployee].Period, [HR.CostEmployee].CostHour, [HR.CostEmployee].Date, [HR.Employee].FullName, [HR.Employee].NumEmployee FROM [HR.CostEmployee] INNER JOIN [HR.Employee] ON [HR.CostEmployee].Id_Employee = [HR.Employee].Id_Employee"
UpdateCommand="UPDATE [HR.CostEmployee] set Period = @Period, CostHour = @CostHour where Id_CostEmployee = @Id_CostEmployee"
DeleteCommand="DELETE from [HR.CostEmployee] where (Id_CostEmployee = @Id_CostEmployee)"> <UpdateParameters> <asp:Parameter Name="Period" /> <asp:Parameter Name="CostHour" /> <asp:Parameter Name="Id_CostEmployee" /> </UpdateParameters> <DeleteParameters> <asp:Parameter Name="Id_CostEmployee" Type="int32" /> </DeleteParameters> </asp:SqlDataSource> </div> </form></body></html> When I run the page I'm able to edit the row but when I try to delete it gives me the error:
Must declare the scalar variable "@Id_CostEmployee".
I'm tired of "googling" this error, and I've tried all the advices, nothing...
I don't know what is happening here, I have 5 other forms, all simillar and they all work!
Any suggestions, pleeeeaaaase?
Thank's!
Paula
Execute Scalar Question
Sep 20, 2006Im using the following code in my application. Is it redundent to add the "Top 1" to the select or does it help performance? Thanks string strSQL = "SELECT TOP 1 c.CusId " +
"FROM COCUS c " +
"LEFT JOIN CONOTITM n ON c.NotId = n.NotId " +
"WHERE c.CusId NOT IN(SELECT CusId FROM RDK_PROSPECT_LOCK WHERE EmpId <> '" + USER.ID() + "') " +
"ORDER BY n.DateUpdate, c.DateUpdate ASC";
string strCusID = RDK.DATA.ReturnScalar(strSQL);
Must Declare The Scalar Variable
Feb 20, 2007I'm making an ecommerce web app from following the Apress "Beginning ASP.Net 2 E-commerce with C#" book, and when I implement a stored procedure (I made a mdf DB in the app_Data folder), I get the following message: Must declare the scalar variable @CategoryIDThe code used to obtain this error is below: CREATE PROCEDURE DeleteCategory(@CategoryINT int)ASDELETE FROM CategoryWHERE CategoryID = @CategoryID I get this error with every Stored Procedure I try to implement. What should I do to fix this? In SQL Server 2k5 Management Studio, this problem does not present itself.
View 1 Replies View RelatedMust Declare The Scalar Variable
Mar 30, 2007Hi with the code below I am getting the error
Error inserting record. Must declare the scalar variable "@contractWHERE"
I removed @contract and it then gave me the error
Error inserting record. Must declare the scalar variable "@zipWHERE"
I was wondering if some can point me in the right direction for fixxing this
protected void cmdUpDate_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//Define ADO.NET Objects.
string updateSQL;
updateSQL = "UPDATE Authors SET ";
updateSQL += "au_id=@au_id, au_fname=@au_fname, au_lname=@au_lname, ";
updateSQL += "phone=@phone, address=@address, city=@city,state=@state, ";
updateSQL += "zip=@zip, contract=@contract";
updateSQL += "WHERE au_id@au_id_original";
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(updateSQL, con);
//Add the parameters.
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@au_id", txtID.Text);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@au_fname", txtFirstName.Text);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@au_lname", txtLastName.Text);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@phone", txtPhone.Text);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@address", txtAddress.Text);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@city", txtCity.Text);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@state", txtState.Text);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@zip", txtZip.Text);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@contract", Convert.ToInt16(chkContract.Checked));
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("au_id_original", lstAuthor.SelectedItem.Value);
//Try to open the database and execute the update
try
{
con.Open();
int updated = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
lblStatus.Text = updated.ToString() + " records inserted.";
}
catch (Exception err)
{
lblStatus.Text = "Error inserting record. ";
lblStatus.Text += err.Message;
}
finally
{
con.Close();
}
}
}
Many Thanks in advance
Scalar Variables And Views
Apr 24, 2007I have a stored procedure that I'm trying too, and must figure out how to convert it to a view. The stored procedure uses two scalar variable for a date range in the WHERE CLAUSE (@StartDate and @EndDate). What can we do in a view if we cannot hard code date ranges? If I use the date field (Paydate) in the view then I cannot get a sum of the Payamt.
I appreciate your help.
Problem With Execute.scalar()
Oct 13, 2007Hello, I've got the following code: Dim Selected1 Dim cnn As New Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("ConnectionString1").ToString()) Dim SqlCommand As New Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand("SELECT [OKTipp1] FROM [ErsteSchritte] WHERE (User.Name = @UserName)", cnn) SqlCommand.Parameters.Add("@UserName", Data.SqlDbType.VarChar, 30) SqlCommand.Parameters("@UserName").Value = User.Identity.Name cnn.Open() Selected1 = SqlCommand.ExecuteScalar() cnn.Close() MsgBox(Selected1)Unfortunatly, I am given an error message. What did I do wrong?Thanks for any suggestionsRegards
View 7 Replies View RelatedMust Declare The Scalar Variable?
Jun 17, 2013CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[Testing]
@FilteredID VARCHAR (MAX),
@SchoolCode VARCHAR (MAX),
[Code]....
I tried to execute above sproc in SQL Server Management Studio , I received the error: Must declare the scalar variable "@Score1".
T-SQL (SS2K8) :: UDF Scalar Value Function
Jun 24, 2015I build a UDF scalar function like this:
CREATE FUNCTION VerificaAcessoPerfil
(
@codigo INT
)
RETURNS INT
[Code] ....
Curiously when i call my function the same one return always the same value, ex:
Select VerificaAcessoPerfil(2)
the return value is : 698 ??
but if i run the Select statment like this:
SELECT DISTINCT codigo,
(case codigo WHEN 1 THEN 695
WHEN 11 THEN 697 WHEN 2 THEN 211
WHEN 10 THEN 698 WHEN 13 THEN 696
WHEN 4 THEN 1 END)[codigo]
FROM pf (NOLOCK) INNER JOIN pfu (NOLOCK) ON pfu.pfstamp=pf.pfstamp
WHERE codigo IN (1,11,2,10,13,4)
ORDER BY 1 ASC
The value are:
1695
2211
41
10698
11697
13696
Scalar Func Questions
Jun 6, 2008Hey Guys, I am creating a scalar function for the first time. I have googled, ck'd your FAQ's, looked 2 text books but cannot find the answer to my questions.
Is the IF statement used in the Scalar function like it is in the stored procedure. In other words does it have to return a Boolean? I want to perform a loop after I call the function, do I have to use a Cursor? Or can I code it like a VB function with a FOR/DO While? Also I can call this UDF from my Stored Proc, right?
Here is a quick synopsis of what I have been assigned to do:
--- Calculate Run Dates
--(start from Previous Saturday subtract 41 days
-- if the 41st day does not fall on a Saturday (day = 7)
-- keep subtracting days until Day=Saturday. Add 6 days to make
-- END date the following Friday)
Thanx,
Trudye
Must Declare Scalar Variable???
Aug 31, 2006OK i have my stored procedure all set up and working.. But when i try and add a second variable called @iuser and then after i execute the stored procedure, i get an error saying:-
ERROR
"Must declare scalar variable @iuser"
Here is the code i am using in my stored proc, also my stored proc worked fine before i used a second variable??!
//BEGIN
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[putpending]
(@cuuser nvarchar(1000), @iuser nvarchar(1000))
AS
Declare @sql nvarchar(1000)
SELECT @sql =
'INSERT INTO ' +
@cuuser +
' (Pending) VALUES (@iuser)'
EXECUTE (@sql)
RETURN
//END
And i know my VB.NET code is working but i will put it in anyway:-
//BEGIN
'variables
Dim user As String
user = Profile.UserName
Dim intenduser As String
intenduser = DetailsView1.Rows(0).Cells(1).Text.ToString()
'connection settings
Dim cs As String
cs = "Data Source=.SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|friends.mdf;Integrated Security=True;User Instance=True"
Dim scn As New SqlConnection(cs)
'parameters
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("putpending", scn)
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
cmd.Parameters.Add("@cuuser", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 1000)
cmd.Parameters("@cuuser").Value = user
cmd.Parameters.Add("@iuser", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 1000)
cmd.Parameters("@iuser").Value = intenduser
'execute
scn.Open()
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
scn.Close()
//END
Any ideas why i am getting this error message?
Must Declare Scalar Variable @ID
Mar 24, 2007the following is my code
can anybody rectify my problem that i get when running my application
"Must declare scalar variable @ID"
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" DataKeyNames="ID" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False" BackImageUrl="~/App_Themes/SkinFile/back1.jpg"
BorderColor="Teal" BorderStyle="Solid" DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1">
<Columns>
<asp:CommandField ButtonType="Button" ShowSelectButton="True" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="ID" HeaderText="ID" SortExpression="ID" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="Answers" HeaderText="Answers" SortExpression="Answers" />
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>
<asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:YahooConnectionString7 %>"
DeleteCommand="DELETE FROM Answers WHERE (ID = @ID)" InsertCommand="INSERT INTO Answers(ID, Answers) VALUES (@ID, @Answers)"
SelectCommand="SELECT Answers.* FROM Answers" UpdateCommand="UPDATE Answers SET ID = @ID, Answers = @Answers WHERE (ID = @ID)">
<DeleteParameters>
<asp:Parameter Name="ID" />
</DeleteParameters>
<UpdateParameters>
<asp:Parameter Name="ID" />
<asp:Parameter Name="Answers" />
</UpdateParameters>
<InsertParameters>
<asp:Parameter Name="ID" />
<asp:Parameter Name="Answers" />
</InsertParameters>
</asp:SqlDataSource>
Must Declare The Scalar Variable
Mar 24, 2008Following stored proc uses dynamic sql but it gives the error
Msg 137, Level 15, State 2, Line 3
Must declare the scalar variable "@ProjectBenefitID".
though its declared .please. tell the workaround
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[spPMPT_GetBenefit]
@ProjectBenefitID INT,
@OrderBYVARCHAR(40),
-- Parmeters for Paging [Start]
@TotalPages INT OUT ,
@CurrentPageNumber INT OUT ,
@NumberOfRecordsINT = 5, /*PageSize*/
@CurrentPage INT = 0/*PageNumber*/
-- Parmeters for Paging [End]
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @TMPFLOAT
DECLARE @ErrorMsgID INT
DECLARE@ErrorMsg VARCHAR(200)
----- Paging declarations start
DECLARE @SQLFinal NVARCHAR(4000)
DECLARE @Count INT
DECLARE @SC VARCHAR(4000)
----- Paging declarations end
DECLARE@SelectASVARCHAR(4000)
DECLARE@FromASVARCHAR(4000)
DECLARE@WhereASVARCHAR(4000)
DECLARE@LsOrderBy ASVARCHAR(4000)
-- Initialize vars
SET @SC= ''
SET @From= ''
SET @Where= ''
SET @Select= ''
SET @SQLFinal= ''
SET @Count= 0
IF (@CurrentPage = 0 OR @CurrentPage IS NULL)
BEGIN
--Generate error message
SELECT @ErrorMsg = 'Error occured in Stored Procedure ' + (SELECT name from sysobjects WHERE ID = @@PROCID) + '. The Page Number cannot be zero.'
--Raise error to the user
RAISERROR (@ErrorMsg,16/*severity*/,1/*state*/)
--Return error indicator
RETURN (-1)
END
IF (@NumberOfRecords = 0 OR @NumberOfRecords IS NULL )
BEGIN
--Generate error message
SELECT @ErrorMsg = 'Error occured in Stored Procedure ' + (SELECT name from sysobjects WHERE ID = @@PROCID) + '. Number of records per page cannot be zero.'
--Raise error to the user
RAISERROR (@ErrorMsg,16/*severity*/,1/*state*/)
--Return error indicator
RETURN (-1)
END
IF (@Orderby IS NULL OR @Orderby = '')
BEGIN
--Generate error message
SELECT @ErrorMsg = 'Error occured in Stored Procedure ' + (SELECT name from sysobjects WHERE ID = @@PROCID) + '. The Order by cannot be null.'
--Raise error to the user
RAISERROR (@ErrorMsg,16/*severity*/,1/*state*/)
--Return error indicator
RETURN (-1)
END
CREATE TABLE #TEMP_BENEFIT1
(
AssessBenefitID INT,
ProjectBenefitID INT,
ExpectedQuantity INT,
ExpectedQuality VARCHAR(2000),
Comments VARCHAR(2000)
)
INSERT INTO #TEMP_BENEFIT1 SELECT AssessBenefitID,ProjectBenefitID,
Quantity,Quality,
Comments
FROM PMPT_AssessBenefit
WHERE ProjectBenefitID=@ProjectBenefitID AND AssessFlag='E' --and AssessBenefitID=@IterationID
CREATE TABLE #TEMP_BENEFIT2
(
AssessBenefitID INT,
ProjectBenefitID INT,
ActualQuantity INT,
QtyFileID INT,
QtyFileName VARCHAR(100),
QtyFilepath VARCHAR(100),
ActualQuality VARCHAR(2000),
QuaFileID INT,
QualFileName VARCHAR(100),
QualFilepath VARCHAR(100),
Comments VARCHAR(2000),
refAssessBenefitID INT,
DateasON DATETIME
)
INSERT INTO #TEMP_BENEFIT2 SELECT PAB.AssessBenefitID,PAB.ProjectBenefitID,
PAB.Quantity,pab.qtyFileID,
(SELECT FileName FROM PMPT_Files WHERE FileID = pab.qtyFileID) as QtyFileName,
(SELECT UploadedFilePath FROM PMPT_Files WHERE FileID = pab.qtyFileID) as QtyFilepath,
PAB.Quality,pab.quaFileID,
(SELECT FileName FROM PMPT_Files WHERE FileID = pab.quaFileID) AS QualFileName,
(SELECT UploadedFilePath FROM PMPT_Files WHERE FileID = pab.quaFileID) as QuaFilepath,
PAB.Comments,PAB.refEXPAssessBenefitID,PAB.DateasON
FROM PMPT_AssessBenefit PAB
WHERE ProjectBenefitID=@ProjectBenefitID AND AssessFlag='A'
DECLARE @UNIT VARCHAR(100)
SELECT @UNIT=NAME FROM PMPT_Picklists WHERE PicklistID = (SELECT unitID FROM PMPT_ProjectBenefits WHERE ProjectBenefitID=@ProjectBenefitID)
IF @UNIT IS NULL
SET @UNIT = ''
SET @Select='
DECLARE @UNIT VARCHAR(100)
SELECT @UNIT=NAME FROM PMPT_Picklists WHERE PicklistID = (SELECT unitID FROM PMPT_ProjectBenefits WHERE ProjectBenefitID='+CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),@ProjectBenefitID))+'
SELECTT1.AssessBenefitID, CAST(T1.ExpectedQuantity AS VARCHAR)+'' ''+ @UNIT as ExpectedQuantity,
CAST( T2.ActualQuantity AS VARCHAR)+'' ''+ @UNIT as ActualQuantity, T2.QtyFileID, T2.QtyFileName AS QtyFileName ,T2.QtyFilepath, T1.ExpectedQuality AS ExpectedQuality , T2.ActualQuality AS ActualQuality ,
T2.QuaFileID,T2.QualFileName AS QualFileName ,T2.QualFilepath, T2.COMMENTS,CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),T2.DateasON,103) AS DateasON
FROM#TEMP_BENEFIT1 T1,#TEMP_BENEFIT2 T2
WHERET1.AssessBenefitID = T2.refAssessBenefitID'
Using Scalar Functions In Views
Sep 19, 2007I have a view that contains a complex query. A few of the columnscall a function that returns a specific output. I also use a functionto do a join as well.For example:SELECT l.ID, dbo.getStatus(l.ID) AS statusIDFROM tableName ALEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.Status_LKP s ON dbo.getStatus(l.Leg_ID) =s.statusIDFor 800 records, this query takes about 9 seconds. I realize that foreach record, the function is executed on a per row basis, so I amlooking for alternatives.Does anyone know of other ways to accomplish something of the same?Basically I would like to include UDFs in a query and use those UDFsin the where and join clauses.Thanks
View 2 Replies View RelatedScalar Function Columns
Jul 20, 2005Is it ill-advised to have columns whose values pull from scalar functionsusing other fields in the record as parameters? For example, if I havecreate table a(iID int primary key)create table b(iID int ,iDetail int,CONSTRAINT PK PRIMARY KEY(iID,iDetail),CONSTRAINT FK FOREIGN KEY (iID) REFERENCES a(iID))Let's say in table b I put price information for each detail and in table aI'd like to put a column that sums these prices for the children of eachrecord. Should I make a computed column that references a function usingiID as a parameter? Or would it be better to create a view for this kind ofpurpose?Regards,Tyler
View 4 Replies View RelatedMust Declare The Scalar Variable
Feb 29, 2008
create PROCEDURE [Update_Purged]
AS
Declare @Stg_Purged_union table
(PurgedAccountUnionID int IDENTITY,
Coid char(50),
FacilityId int,
AccountID int,
PatientName char(50),
PatientNo char(50),
PT char(50),
ST char(50),
PurgeDt datetime);
BEGIN
INSERT INTO @Stg_Purged_Union
([Coid]
,null
,null
,[PatientName]
,[PatientNo]
,[PT]
,
,[PurgeDt])
select coid, patientname, patientno, pt, st, purgedt from
[Stg_PurgedAccount]
--updating the facilityid in @stg_purged_account_file_union
update @stg_purged_union set facilityid=(select
facilityid from appfacility as b
where b.unitnum=(select
unitnum from appfacility as c
where c.unitnum=b.unitnum) and @Stg_Purged_Union.coid=b.unitnum)
I am getting the following error.
Must declare the scalar variable "@Stg_Purged_Union"
Help Using Asymetric/Symetric Key In A Scalar UDF
Oct 26, 2006The error message I get is as follows:
Invalid use of side-effecting or time-dependent operator in 'OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY' within a function.
&
Invalid use of side-effecting or time-dependent operator in 'CLOSE SYMMETRIC KEY' within a function.
Here is the code I am trying to implement:
set ANSI_NULLS ON
set QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
go
ALTER FUNCTION [dbo].[func_GetSIMSPassPhrase]
(
)
RETURNS varchar(30)
AS
BEGIN
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY sims_sym_Key DECRYPTION BY ASYMMETRIC KEY sims_asym_key
DECLARE @GUID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER
SET @GUID = (SELECT key_guid FROM sys.symmetric_keys WHERE name = 'sims_sym_Key')
DECLARE @passphrase varchar(30)
SELECT @passphrase = (SELECT CAST(DecryptByKey(EncField) AS VARCHAR(30)) FROM tblEncryptTest)
CLOSE SYMMETRIC KEY sims_sym_Key
RETURN @passphrase
END
Anyone have any suggestions? TIA
Must Declare The Scalar Variable @RefNo
Jul 25, 2006ive encounter this problem when i install the application at client side..enfect, i try it on all the PC at my office, i wouldnt encounter this problem..can anyone tell me what is possibly wrong with this?here is the code possible code effectedASPDim myDataset As Data.DataSet = New Data.DataSet Dim conn As Connection = New Connection("AbnormalControlDataConnString", "P_CreateAbnormalFormSect0") conn.AddParameter("Pending", Me.Session.Item("UserId"), Data.SqlDbType.Char, 80) conn.AddParameter("CreateBy", Me.Session.Item("UserId"), Data.SqlDbType.Char, 80) conn.executeSproc(myDataset) Me.Session.Add("RefNo", myDataset.Tables(0).Rows(0).Item(0)) conn = Nothing myDataset = Nothing gridview1.dataBind() <~~~~~~ i have this gridview bind another sproc named[P_GetAbnormalFormSect0)conn.vb Public Sub New(ByVal con As String, ByVal sprocName As String) configCon = con connectionString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings(configCon).ConnectionString ' myConnection = New System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection(connectionString) myCommand = New System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand() myCommand.Connection = myConnection myCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure myCommand.CommandText = sprocName End Sub Public Sub AddParameter(ByVal name As String, ByVal value As String, ByVal type As SqlDbType, ByVal size As Int16) myCommand.Parameters.Add(name, type, size) myCommand.Parameters.Item(myCommand.Parameters.Count - 1).SqlValue = value End Sub Public Sub executeSproc(ByRef dataset As Data.DataSet) myConnection.Open() myDataSet = New System.Data.DataSet() myDataSet.CaseSensitive = True dataAdapter = New System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter() dataAdapter.SelectCommand = myCommand If Not dataset Is Nothing Then dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add("asd", "UserInfo") dataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet) dataset = myDataSet myConnection.Close() Else myCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() End If End SubSprocset ANSI_NULLS ONset QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONGOALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[P_GetAbnormalFormSect0] -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here @REFNO CHAR(11) = NULLASBEGIN -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT statements. SET NOCOUNT ON; DECLARE @ErrorCode int SET @ErrorCode = 0 SELECT * FROM dbo.AFStatusInfo WHERE dbo.AFStatusInfo.RefNo = @REFNO IF(@@ROWCOUNT = 0) BEGIN SET @ErrorCode = -1 END IF( @@ERROR <> 0 ) BEGIN SET @ErrorCode = @@ERROR END RETURN @ErrorCodeEND-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------set ANSI_NULLS ONset QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONGOALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[P_CreateAbnormalFormSect0] -- Parameters for the stored procedure @Pending CHAR(80), @CreateBy CHAR(80) ASBEGIN -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT statements. SET NOCOUNT ON; -- @ErrorCode : 0 No Error -- 1 No Data (Ignore when no ResultSet required) -- 2 Parameter not complete -- 3 Conflict with existing data -- Other error code please refer to @@ERROR code DECLARE @ErrorCode int SET @ErrorCode = 0 DECLARE @Id VARCHAR(11) DECLARE @Temp VARCHAR(4) SET @Temp = CAST((SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [AFStatusInfo] WHERE RefNo like ('BS200607%'))AS CHAR(3)) SET @Temp = @Temp + 1000 SET @Id = 'BS' SET @Id = @Id + CONVERT(CHAR(4),GETDATE(),20) SET @Id = @Id + CONVERT(CHAR(2),GETDATE(),10) SET @Id = @Id + SUBSTRING(@Temp,2,3) INSERT INTO [AFStatusInfo] (RefNo ,FlowStatus ,[Pending] ,[CreateBy] ,[DateCreated]) VALUES (@Id ,'New' ,@Pending ,@CreateBy ,CONVERT(CHAR(8), GETDATE(), 3)) SELECT @Id AS "RefNo" IF( @@ERROR <> 0 ) BEGIN SET @ErrorCode = @@ERROR END RETURN @ErrorCode OnError: RETURN @ErrorCodeEND----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
View 1 Replies View RelatedMust Declare The Scalar Variable @recCount.
Aug 21, 2007Hi,Can somone please tell me why I get the error 'Must declare the scalar variable "@recCount".' when I execute this Store Procedure? ALTER PROCEDURE dbo.CountTEst AS SET NOCOUNT ON DECLARE @sql as nvarchar(100); DECLARE @recCount as int SET @SQL = 'SELECT @recCount = COUNT(*) FROM Pool' exec sp_executesql @SQL RETURN @recCount In this case I expect RETURN value = 4.I've tried various approaches, including adding an OUTPUT parameter to the exec statement, but just can't get the syntax correct. Thanks
View 14 Replies View RelatedError With NULL Using EXECUTE SCALAR
Dec 11, 2007I keep getting an error message when I try to place the result of an execute scalar command into a text box. The msg is:"conversion from 'DBNull' to type 'String' is not valid"
The code I am using is:
Dim con as OLEDBConnection
con =NewOleDB connection("Provider = MIcrosoft.JetOLEDB.4.0, Data Source = "c:caps.mdb")
Dim cmd As OLEDBCommand
cmd= NewOLEDBCommand("Select Product from [Inventory Table] Where [Customer ID] = " & grid View1.SelectdValue
texBox1.Text = cmd.ExecuteScalar
The code works fine as long as there is a value for the Product. However if the value in the database is NULL I get an error message: :"conversion from 'DBNull' to type 'String' is not valid". How do I wok around this?
Chas28
Must Declare The Scalar Variable @company.
Feb 22, 2008 I am not seeing the problem with this. I have a button at the bottom of this form that does this...
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SqlDataSource1.Insert();
}
And the SqlDataSource code...<asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:calldbConnectionString2 %>"
ProviderName="<%$ ConnectionStrings:calldbConnectionString2.ProviderName %>"
InsertCommand="INSERT INTO IDcall(IDcompany, enteredBy, likelihood6mo, liklihood12mo, stamp, objective, dateOfCall, applications, specifics, developmentStage, results, nextStep, salesStrategy, potentialFirstYear, other, valueOfSale, alternateContacts, IDcontact1) VALUES (@company, @entered, @mo6, @mo12, @stamp, @objective, @dateOfCall, @applications, @specifics, @development, @results, @next, @strategy, @potential, @other, @value, @alternate, @IDcontact1)">
<InsertParameters><asp:ControlParameter ControlID="DropDownList_Company" Name="@company"
PropertyName="SelectedValue" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_signature" Name="@entered"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="DropDownList_6mo" Name="@mo6"
PropertyName="SelectedValue" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="DropDownList_12mo" Name="@mo12"
PropertyName="SelectedValue" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_submittedOn" Name="@stamp"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_Purpose" Name="@objective"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_dateOfCall" Name="@dateOfCall"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_applications" Name="@applications"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_specifics" Name="@specifics"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_development" Name="@development"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_results" Name="@results"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_nextStep" Name="@next"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_strategy" Name="@strategy"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_potentialFirstYear" Name="@potential"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_other" Name="@other"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_Value" Name="@value"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="TextBox_alternateContacts" Name="@alternate"
PropertyName="Text" />
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="DropDownList_Contact" Name="IDcontact1"
PropertyName="SelectedValue" />
</InsertParameters>
</asp:SqlDataSource>
When I click the button I get Must declare the scalar variable "@company". How is @company not declared?
And here's my stackStack Trace:
[SqlException (0x80131904): Must declare the scalar variable "@company".]
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection) +925466
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection) +800118
System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObject stateObj) +186
System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.Run(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj) +1932
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.FinishExecuteReader(SqlDataReader ds, RunBehavior runBehavior, String resetOptionsString) +149
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteReaderTds(CommandBehavior cmdBehavior, RunBehavior runBehavior, Boolean returnStream, Boolean async) +1005
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteReader(CommandBehavior cmdBehavior, RunBehavior runBehavior, Boolean returnStream, String method, DbAsyncResult result) +132
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.InternalExecuteNonQuery(DbAsyncResult result, String methodName, Boolean sendToPipe) +149
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() +135
System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.ExecuteDbCommand(DbCommand command, DataSourceOperation operation) +404
System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.ExecuteInsert(IDictionary values) +447
System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSource.Insert() +13
Calls_CallNew.Button1_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e) in c:InetpubwwwrootCallsCallNew.aspx.cs:88
System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button.OnClick(EventArgs e) +105
System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button.RaisePostBackEvent(String eventArgument) +107
System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button.System.Web.UI.IPostBackEventHandler.RaisePostBackEvent(String eventArgument) +7
System.Web.UI.Page.RaisePostBackEvent(IPostBackEventHandler sourceControl, String eventArgument) +11
System.Web.UI.Page.RaisePostBackEvent(NameValueCollection postData) +33
System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) +1746
Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:2.0.50727.1433; ASP.NET Version:2.0.50727.1433
AddWithValue : Must Declare The Scalar Variable @…
Apr 18, 2008 I’m getting the error messages: Must declare the scalar variable "@CustomerName".Must declare the scalar variable "@CustomerEmail". When using the code:sqlcommand = "UPDATE Transactions SET CustomerName=@CustomerName WHERE transid='" + thetransid.ToString().Trim() + "' ";
sqlcommand += "UPDATE Transactions SET CustomerEmail=@CustomerEmail WHERE transid='" + thetransid.ToString().Trim() + "' ";
cmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerName", CustomerNameTextBox.Text);
cmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerEmail", CustomerEmailTextBox.Text);
cmd = new SqlCommand(sqlcommand, conn);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
conn.Close();
Must Declare The Scalar Variables In Storedproce
Apr 3, 2007I have created the following stored procedure in sql server 2005.I m using asp.net with C# 2005.
Can someone please rectify my errors why i m getting such type of the errors...
ALTER PROCEDURE CompanyStoredProcedure
@uspcompanyid INT NULL,
@uspcompanyname VARCHAR(20),
@uspaddress1 VARCHAR(30),
@frmErrorMessage AS VARCHAR(256) OUTPUT,
@RETURNVALUE AS INT OUTPUT,
@RETURNID AS INT OUTPUT
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
/*
RETURN_VALUE Comments
1Data Inserted
2Data Updated
-9Other errors
*/
DECLARE @companyid INT,
@companyname VARCHAR(20),
@address1 VARCHAR(30)
--validation...
IF ( @uspcompanyname IS NULL OR @uspcompanyname = '' )
BEGIN
SET @RETURNVALUE = -9
SET @frmErrorMessage = 'Company Name is empty'
RETURN -9
END
IF EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM Companymaster WHERE Companyid = @companyid )
BEGIN
UPDATE Company
SET companyname = @companyname,
address1 = @address1
WHERE companyid= @uspcompanyid
SET @frmErrorMessage = 'Company Name/Address has been updated'
SET @RETURNVALUE = 2
END
ELSE
BEGIN
INSERT INTO companymaster ( companyname, address1 )
VALUES (@companyname,@address1)
SET @frmErrorMessage = 'Company Name/Address info has been Inserted'
SET @RETURNVALUE = 1
END
SET NOCOUNT OFF
END
THANXS in advance.
Must Declare The Scalar Variable Error
Jan 19, 2008Hi All,
I'm totaly new to administrating databases.
All I want to do is run the sql server script located at http://www.data-miners.com/sql_companion.htm#downloads.
This creates some tables and uploads a series of text files into them.
When I run the script through SQL Server Express 2005 I get the error Must declare the scalar variable "@DATADIR". I suspect it's something with me putting in the wrong path.
The text files that the script needs to load into the table are located on the K drive, and I have changed the path in
declare @DATADIR varchar(128)
set @DATADIR='C:gordonookdatafinal extfiles'
to
declare @DATADIR varchar(128)
set @DATADIR='k: extfiles'
I suspect this is the wrong syntax that's why it's not working but I might be totally wrong.
The text file and the server are both saved on the k drive.
Regards,
Seaweed
SQL Server 2012 :: How To Use Scalar Function Without WHILE
Jan 19, 2014I have a scalar function, which calculates the similarity of two strings. I use the following query, to compare the entries of one table against the value 'Test' and return the entries, which have a value > 50:
;WITH cte1 AS (
SELECT b.FirstName,
(SELECT fn_similarity('Test', b.FirstName)) AS [Value],
b.LastName
FROM [AdventureWorks2012].[Person].[Person] b
)
SELECT *
FROM cte1
WHERE [Value] > 50.00
ORDER BY [Value] DESC
Now I want to use this query against the first 50 entries of the [Person] table, so that the resultset includes all the values of the first 50 persons and the entries, which are similar to them.
At the moment I use a WHILE-loop and write the five single resultsets in a temporary table. Is there another way / a better way, maybe via a join?
Impossible To Use A Scalar UDF To Pass A Parameter To Another UDF?
Jul 23, 2005Hello there!I am working with MS SQL Server 2000.I have a table function that takes an integer parameter and returns atable, and I can successfully use it like this (passing a literalas a parameter):SELECT * FROM MyTableFunction(1)or like this (passing a variable as a parameter):DECLARE @i AS intSELECT @i = 10...SELECT * FROM MyTableFunction(@i)Now, if I have another function -- a scalar function that returns aninteger, I cannot find a way to use it to specify the parameter valuefor the first function. For example, when I writeSELECT * FROM MyTableFunction( dbo.MyScalarFunction() )SQL Server issues the following complaint:Incorrect syntax near '.'.I am really perplexed: what I am doing wrong?Interestingly, if I re-write the second snippet asDECLARE @i AS intSELECT @i = dbo.MyScalarFunction()...SELECT * FROM MyTableFunction(@i)everything works just fine; however, this trick cannot be used as aworkaround because I need to pass result of one function as a parameterto another inside a view's code -- I cannot declare variables and writeany procedural code...Any ideas, especially workarounds, would be greatly appreciated.Thank you,Yarik.
View 2 Replies View RelatedScalar Subquery In MS-SQL Server 2000
Mar 28, 2008Hi Gurus,I have table (CallByCall) with following Data.Input :CallID Event DNIS UserID Time SeqID MobNo-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1 | 43 | 100 | |09:00:05 | 1 |98332107701 | 40 | | |09:01:05 | 2|1 | 41 | | |09:02:05 | 3|1 | 42 | | 25 |09:03:05 | 4|2 | 43 | 200| |09:10:05 | 1 |98339755362 | 40 | | |09:11:05 | 2|2 | 41 | | |09:12:05 | 3|2 | 42 | | 26 |09:13:05 | 4|3 | 43 | 300| |09:15:05 | 1 |98139785363 | 40 | | |09:15:55 | 2|3 | 41 | | |09:16:05 | 3|3 | 42 | | 28 |09:18:05 | 4|4 | 43 | 100| |09:45:05 | 1 |92239788964 | 40 | | |09:46:05 | 2|4 | 41 | | |09:47:05 | 3|4 | 42 | | 26 |09:48:05 | 4|Output:CallID DNIS UserID MinTime MaxTime MobNo--------------------------------------------------------------------------1 | 100 | 25 |09:00:05 |09:03:05 |98332107702 | 200 | 26 |09:10:05 |09:13:05 |98339755363 | 300 | 28 |09:15:05 |09:18:05 |98139785364 | 100 | 26 |09:45:05 |09:48:05 |9223978896In short I am getting DNIS and MobNo for Event 43 andUserId for Event 42.How can I achieve the above result?Is it possible with scalar query?Could any one help me for the same?Thanking in AdvanceSanjeev98332 10772
View 1 Replies View RelatedWhy Are Scalar Functions Soooo Sloooow?
Jul 20, 2005Hi all,I've been using scalar functions as a way to perform some complex datatransformation operations, and I've noticed that scalar functionsreaaaaalllllyyyy sloooowwwwww thiiiiiings dooooooown. I expect slow-down, ofcourse, and would even not be surprised at slow-downs up to a factor of, say50:1, but I'm seeing slow-downs more like 1000:1 or 100000:1. I'm sure itwould actually be faster to actually export a table, use VB to process it,then import it back in.
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