Hi!
I've a dude about the "from" clause. I want execute a query where the from clause has variables wich repesent table names. Example:
select <..,..,>
from @var1, @var2
Can I do that? How?
I hope your help. Thanks in advance.
Francisco Castillo.
i am going mad. when i hardcode my usernames into my in statment i get the results i expect...
Code------------------------------
Select u.UserID from dbo.[User] u where u.UserName in ('iresponsejamie.seaton','iresponsephil.smith)
Result---------------------------
3509
3506
but when i use a variable with more than one user in it and pass that into my in clause i get nothing returned when i should have the same result set.
Code------------------------------
DECLARE @CollectorList VarChar(100)
Set @CollectorList= '''iresponsejamie.seaton'',''iresponsephil.smith'''
Select u.UserID from dbo.[User] u where u.UserName in (@CollectorList)
Result---------------------------
nothing
as i said if i use - Set @CollectorList= 'iresponsejamie.seaton' - it works fine but when i include another user - Set @CollectorList= '''iresponsejamie.seaton'',''iresponsephil.smith''' - i get nothing back.
any ideas guys
Hello,
Nice simple question from someone making there way with their first stored prcoedure. I am editing a procedure where I have hardcoded the two date variables to 01/01/06 and 31/12/06.
How could I make this year sensitive so that next year the variables are set to 01/01/07 and 31/12/07 automatically.
Many Thanks
Neal
Hi there,
I would like to know how to create Dynamic stored procedure which defines TableName as a Variable and return all fields from this Table.
And also how to Dynamicly create a sp_GetNameByID (for instance)
using vars only.
Thanks
It would be very helpfull to me if you could give links of Dynamic SQL tutorials from which i can learn.
Hi all, I am trying to sum a column into different variables depending on another column. Let me explain my self better with an example
DECLARE @Initial decimal(18,2), @incomings decimal(18,2), @outgoings decimal(18,2)
SELECT
@initial = CASE WHEN type = 1 THEN SUM(amount) END,
@incomings = CASE WHEN type = 2 THEN SUM(amount) END,
@outgoings = CASE WHEN type = 3 THEN SUM(amount) END,
FROM Transactions
WHERE date = '05/14/2006' AND STATION = 'apuyinc'
GROUP BY type, amount
What I am trying to do is to sum all of the incomings transactions into @incomings, all of the outgoing transactions into @outgoings and the initial transaction into @initial where
The incoming transactions is type 2,
outgoing transactions is type 3
Thanks for the help
@puy
what's the best way to set user vars in ssis from a query. I have some components that set a from and to date in a table. I'd like to select those values right into some user vars in the pkg.
View 1 Replies View RelatedHello,
I have a stored procedure that prompts the user for a year and
a month. Based on the month selected, I need to determine
the number of days in that month.
I have tried declaring variables to use to calculate number
of days in month and a counter, but they are not
working. When I try to run this it says I have to prompt user for
these as well. How do I declare and set a variable inside
a stored procedure.
Sample of my code is below...
REATE PROCEDURE crm_contact_frequency_report
@TheYear varchar(4),
@TheMonth integer,
@MyCount integer,
@NumDays integer
AS
SELECT
/* EMAILS (B) */
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CampaignResponse A
INNER JOIN Email B ON A.subject = B.subject
WHERE (YEAR(B.CreatedOn) = @TheYear) AND (MONTH(B.CreatedOn) = @TheMonth)
AND (B.directioncode = 1)
) AS Total_EmailOutgoing,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CampaignResponse A
INNER JOIN Email B ON A.subject = B.subject
WHERE (YEAR(B.CreatedOn) = @TheYear) AND (MONTH(B.CreatedOn) = @TheMonth)
AND (B.directioncode = 0)
) AS Total_EmailImconing,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CampaignResponse A
INNER JOIN Email B ON A.subject = B.subject
WHERE (YEAR(B.CreatedOn) = @TheYear) AND (MONTH(B.CreatedOn) = @TheMonth)
AND (B.directioncode IS NULL)
) AS Total_EmailNotListed,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CampaignResponse A
INNER JOIN Email B ON A.subject = B.subject
WHERE (YEAR(B.CreatedOn) = @TheYear) AND (MONTH(B.CreatedOn) = @TheMonth)
) AS Total_All_Emails,
/* PHONE CALLS (C) */
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CampaignResponse A
INNER JOIN PhoneCall C ON A.subject = C.subject
WHERE (YEAR(C.CreatedOn) = @TheYear) AND (MONTH(C.CreatedOn) = @TheMonth)
AND (C.directioncode = 1)
) AS Total_CallOutgoing,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CampaignResponse A
INNER JOIN PhoneCall C ON A.subject = C.subject
WHERE (YEAR(C.CreatedOn) = @TheYear) AND (MONTH(C.CreatedOn) = @TheMonth)
AND (C.directioncode = 0)
) AS Total_CallIncoming,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CampaignResponse A
INNER JOIN PhoneCall C ON A.subject = C.subject
WHERE (YEAR(C.CreatedOn) = @TheYear) AND (MONTH(C.CreatedOn) = @TheMonth)
AND (C.directioncode IS NULL)
) AS Total_CallNotListed,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CampaignResponse A
INNER JOIN PhoneCall C ON A.subject = C.subject
WHERE (YEAR(C.CreatedOn) = @TheYear) AND (MONTH(C.CreatedOn) = @TheMonth)
) AS Total_All_Calls,
/* FAXES (D) */
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CampaignResponse A
INNER JOIN Fax D ON A.subject = D.subject
WHERE (YEAR(D.CreatedOn) = @TheYear) AND (MONTH(D.CreatedOn) = @TheMonth)
AND (D.directioncode = 1)
) AS Total_FaxOutgoing,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CampaignResponse A
INNER JOIN Fax D ON A.subject = D.subject
WHERE (YEAR(D.CreatedOn) = @TheYear) AND (MONTH(D.CreatedOn) = @TheMonth)
AND (D.directioncode = 0)
) AS Total_FaxIncoming,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CampaignResponse A
INNER JOIN Fax D ON A.subject = D.subject
WHERE (YEAR(D.CreatedOn) = @TheYear) AND (MONTH(D.CreatedOn) = @TheMonth)
AND (D.directioncode IS NULL)
) AS Total_FaxNotListed,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CampaignResponse A
INNER JOIN Fax D ON A.subject = D.subject
WHERE (YEAR(D.CreatedOn) = @TheYear) AND (MONTH(D.CreatedOn) = @TheMonth)
) AS Total_All_Faxes
FROM CampaignResponse A
GO
I have to select several field values from a table and need to assign them to different variables in my SP.Here's what I do now:
declare @ReceiverEmail nvarchar(50)
SET @ReceiverEmail=(SELECT Email FROM Users WHERE UserCode=@UserCodeOwner)
declare @UsernameSender nvarchar(50)
SET @UsernameSender=(SELECT Username FROM Users WHERE UserCode=@UserCodeOwner)As you can see I have to search the Users table twice: once for the Email and a second time for the Username...and all that based on the SAME usercode...:SSo, is there an option where I only have to search the table once and return the Email and UserName fields and assign them to my variables (without using a temp table....)?
Hi! I'm new to SQL and have a question...
I'm writing a script that gathers a few variables from an outside source, then queries a table and looks for a record that has the exact values of those variables. If the record is not found, a new record is added. If the record is found, nothing happens.
Basically my SELECT statement looks something like this, then is followed by an If... Else statement
SELECT * FROM TableName
WHERE LastName = varLastName
AND FirstName = varFirstName
AND Address = varAddress
If RecordSet.EOF = True Then
'Item Not Found, add new record
'code to add new record......
Else
'Item Found, do nothing
End If
RecordSet.Update
RecordSet.Close
Even when I try to delete the If.. statement and simply display the records, it comes up as blank. Is the syntax correct for my SELECT statement??
i defined 3 pkg scope user variables of type string in the ssis variables window, typed null as their value, and tried passing them (thru exec sql task) to an sp who expects 3 varchar(23) params.
The sp is blowing up because their values arent null.
The sql task command reads exec sp_name ?,?,?. In the sql task editor's param mapping window, I have each param listed with direction "input", data type varchar and the individual sp params in the parameter name column. I think the plumbing is set up correctly because I'm fine when I send the System Variable StartTime as a 4th param to the sp with data type DATE on the ssis end and datetime on the sp end.
Does anyone know if ssis string and engine varchar are incompatible or perhaps if null in the variables window doesnt initialize variables?
I have a quite big SQL query which would be nice to be used using UNION betweern two Select and Where clauses. I noticed that if both Select clauses have Where part between UNION other is ignored. How can I prevent this?
I found a article in StackOverflow saying that if UNION has e.g. two Selects with Where conditions other one will not work. [URL] ....
I have installed SQL Server 2014 and I tried to use tricks mentioned in StackOverflow's article but couldn't succeeded.
Any example how to write two Selects with own Where clauses and those Selects are joined with UNION?
Hi, can anyone shed some light on this issue?SELECT Status from lupStatuswith a normal query it returns the correct recordcountSELECT Status from lupStatus GROUP BY Statusbut with a GROUP By clause or DISTINCT clause it return the recordcount= -1
View 3 Replies View RelatedI am working with a vendor on upgrading their application from SQL2K to SQL2K5 and am running into the following.
When on SQL Server 2000 the following statement ran without issue:
UPDATE dbo.Track_ID
SET dbo.Track_ID.Processed = 4 --Regular 1 leg call thats been completed
WHERE Processed = 0 AND LegNum = 1
AND TrackID IN
(
SELECT TrackID
FROM dbo.Track_ID
GROUP BY TrackID
HAVING MAX(LegNum) = 1 AND
TrackID + 'x1' IN
(
SELECT
dbo.Track_ID.TrackID + 'x' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(2), COUNT(dbo.Track_ID.TrackID))
FROM dbo.Track_ID INNER JOIN dbo.transactions
ON dbo.Track_ID.SM_ID = dbo.transactions.sm_session_id
GROUP BY dbo.Track_ID.TrackID
)
)
Once moved to SQL Server 2005 the statement would not return and showed SOS_SCHEDULER_YIELD to be the waittype when executed. This machine is SP1 and needs to be upgraded to SP2, something that is not going to happen near time.
I changed the SQL to the following, SQL Server now runs it in under a second, but now the app is not functioning correctly. Are the above and the following semantically the same?
UPDATE dbo.Track_ID
SET dbo.Track_ID.Processed = 4 --Regular 1 leg call thats been completed
WHERE Processed = 0 AND LegNum = 1
AND TrackID IN
(
SELECT TrackID
FROM dbo.Track_ID
WHERE TrackID + 'x1' IN
(
SELECT dbo.Track_ID.TrackID + 'x' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(2), COUNT(dbo.Track_ID.TrackID))
FROM dbo.Track_ID INNER JOIN dbo.transactions
ON dbo.Track_ID.SM_ID = dbo.transactions.sm_session_id
GROUP BY dbo.Track_ID.TrackID
)
GROUP BY TrackID
HAVING MAX(LegNum) = 1
)
2 examples:
1) Rows ordered using textual id rather than numeric id
Code Snippet
select
cast(v.id as nvarchar(2)) id
from
(
select 1 id
union select 2 id
union select 11 id
) v
order by
v.id
Result set is ordered as: 1, 11, 2
I expect: 1,2,11
if renamed or removed alias for "cast(v.id as nvarchar(2))" expression then all works fine.
2) SQL server reject query below with next message
Server: Msg 169, Level 15, State 3, Line 16
A column has been specified more than once in the order by list. Columns in the order by list must be unique.
Code Snippet
select
cast(v.id as nvarchar(2)) id
from
(
select 1 id
union select 2 id
union select 11 id
) v
cross join (
select 1 id
union select 2 id
union select 11 id
) u
order by
v.id
,u.id
Again, if renamed or removed alias for "cast(v.id as nvarchar(2))" expression then all works fine.
It reproducible on
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 - 8.00.2039 (Intel X86) May 3 2005 23:18:38 Copyright (c) 1988-2003 Microsoft Corporation Developer Edition on Windows NT 5.1 (Build 2600: Service Pack 2)
and
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - 9.00.3042.00 (Intel X86) Feb 9 2007 22:47:07 Copyright (c) 1988-2005 Microsoft Corporation Developer Edition on Windows NT 5.1 (Build 2600: Service Pack 2)
In both cases database collation is SQL_Latin1_General_CP1251_CS_AS
If I check quieries above on database with SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS collation then it works fine again.
Could someone clarify - is it bug or expected behaviour?
I am using web developer 2008, while connecting to I wanted to fetch data from Lotus notes database file, for this i used notesql connector, while connectiong to notes database i am fetting error
ERROR [42000] [Lotus][ODBC Lotus Notes]Table reference has to be a table name or an outer join escape clause in a FROM clause
I have already checked that database & table name are correct, please help me out
How i can fetch the lotus notes data in my asp.net pages.
I am using web developer 2008, while connecting to I wanted to fetch data from Lotus notes database file, for this i used notesql connector, while connectiong to notes database i am fetting error
ERROR [42000] [Lotus][ODBC Lotus Notes]Table reference has to be a table name or an outer join escape clause in a FROM clause
I have already checked that database & table name are correct, please help me out
How i can fetch the lotus notes data in my asp.net pages.
Hi,
What is HAVING clause equivalent in the following oracle query, without the combination of "GROUP BY" clause ?
eg :
SELECT SUM(col1) from test HAVING col2 < 5
SELECT SUM(col1) from test WHERE x=y AND HAVING col2 < 5
I want the equivalent query in MSSQLServer for the above Oracle query.
Also, does the aggregate function in Select column(here the SUM(col1)) affect in anyway the presence of HAVING clause?.
Thanks,
Gopi.
How Can I use Top Clause with GROUP BY clause?
Here is my simple problem.
I have two tables
Categories
Products
I want to know Top 5 Products in CategoryID 1,2,3,4,5
Resultset should contain 25 Rows ( 5 top products from each category )
I hope someone will help me soon.
Its urngent
thanks in advance
regards
Waqas
hi..
i have basic question like
what is differance between conditions put in ON clause and in WHERE clause in JOINS????
see conditions that shown in brown color
select d1.SourceID, d1.PID, d1.SummaryID, d1.EffectiveDate,
d1.Audit, d1.ExpirationDate, d1.Indicator
from[DB1].[dbo].[Implicit] d1 inner join [DB2].[dbo].[Implicit] d2
on d1.SummaryID=d2.SummaryID
AND d1.ListType = d2.ListType
AND (d1.EffectiveDate <= d2.ExpirationDate or d2.ExpirationDate is null)
AND (d1.ExpirationDate >= d2.EffectiveDate or d1.ExpirationDate is null)
whered1.ImplicitID >= d2.ImplicitID AND
(d1.SourceID<>d2.SourceID
OR (d1.SourceID IS NULL AND d2.SourceID IS NOT NULL)
OR (d1.SourceID IS NOT NULL AND d2.SourceID IS NULL)
)
select d1.SourceID, d1.PID, d1.SummaryID, d1.EffectiveDate,
d1.Audit, d1.ExpirationDate, d1.Indicator
from[DB1].[dbo].[Implicit] d1 inner join [DB2].[dbo].[Implicit] d2
on d1.SummaryID=d2.SummaryID
AND d1.ImplicitID = d1.ImplicitIDAND d1.ListType = d2.ListType
AND (d1.EffectiveDate <= d2.ExpirationDate or d2.ExpirationDate is null)
AND (d1.ExpirationDate >= d2.EffectiveDate or d1.ExpirationDate is null)
whered1.ImplicitID >= d2.ImplicitID AND
(d1.SourceID<>d2.SourceID
OR (d1.SourceID IS NULL AND d2.SourceID IS NOT NULL)
OR (d1.SourceID IS NOT NULL AND d2.SourceID IS NULL)
)
another thing...
if we put AND d1.ImplicitID = d1.ImplicitID condition in second query then shall we remove
d1.ImplicitID >= d2.ImplicitID from WHERE clause????
Hi everyone,
I saw some queries where SQL inner join clause and the where clause is used at the same time. I knew that "on" is used instead of the "where" clause. Would anyone please exaplin me why both "where" and "on" clause is used in some sql Select queries ?
Thanks
Example, suppose you have these 2 tables(NOTE: My example is totally different, but I'm simply trying to setupthe a simpler version, so excuse the bad design; not the point here)CarsSold {CarsSoldID int (primary key)MonthID intDealershipID intNumberCarsSold int}Dealership {DealershipID int, (primary key)SalesTax decimal}so you may have many delearships selling cars the same month, and youwanted a report to sum up totals of all dealerships per month.select cs.MonthID,sum(cs.NumberCarsSold) as 'TotalCarsSoldInMonth',sum(cs.NumberCarsSold) * d.SalesTax as 'TotalRevenue'from CarsSold csjoin Dealership d on d.DealershipID = cs.DealershipIDgroup by cs.MonthIDMy question is, is there a way to achieve something like this:select cs.MonthID,sum(cs.NumberCarsSold) as 'TotalCarsSoldInMonth',TotalCarsSoldInMonth * d.SalesTax as 'TotalRevenue'from CarsSold csjoin Dealership d on d.DealershipID = cs.DealershipIDgroup by cs.MonthIDNotice the only difference is the 3rd column in the select. Myparticular query is performing some crazy math and the only way I knowof how to get it to work is to copy and past the logic which isgetting out way out of hand...Thanks,Dave
View 5 Replies View RelatedHey guys, I'm a bit weak when it comes to doing ands and or's. I know what i want, but when I put it into statement, i dont get the results that i want.
I have 3 fields in my where clause. ID, LW, and LWU. The code is as follows:WHERE (LASTVISIT BETWEEN '1 / 1 / 95 12 : 00 : 00 AM' AND '1 / 1 / 06 12 : 00 : 00 AM') AND (ID NOT LIKE '%6%') AND (ID NOT LIKE '%7%') AND (ID NOT LIKE '%8%') AND (LW <> 1) AND (LWU <> 'test') OR (LASTVISIT BETWEEN '1 / 1 / 95 12 : 00 : 00 AM' AND '1 / 1 / 06 12 : 00 : 00 AM') AND (ID IS NULL) AND (LW <> 1) AND (LWU <> 'test')
I have a range of dates that I want to grab, in there I do not want any records where ID has 6,7,8 and I only want records where LW does not equal 1. UP to this point, it works fine. I get all the records that only return these values. However, the moment I add where LWU does not equal 'test'. it does not return the values I want. Furthermore, why can I not put this whole string into one and clause? I never understood why I had to create a second line following OR. the longer this query gets the more I get confused. Any help?
I have an insert statement that reads:
SELECT AppointmentID, PatientNo, PatientSurname, PatientForename, ConsultantName, HospitalName, Date, CONVERT (varchar, Time, 8), AppointmentStatus FROM [Appointment] WHERE ([AppointmentId] = @AppointmentId)
I also need to add another WHERE clause. This clause will mean that if the date is within 14 days of the actual date it will not ba able to be selected need help writing this not sure how to write it
Thanks in advance Mike.
I'm having a heck of time with this where clause. I have a table that contains client addresses, a client can have more than one address. So some of the addresses may be seasonal. I need to return only the current address based on a flag MailTo (bit) and a date range, just the month and day, the start and end are datetime datatypes.
Here is what i have tried:
I would really would like it to work on a range of month and day based on the startdate and enddate fields and the MailTo flag.
The table looks like this;
tblClientAddresses:
Address_ID,Client_ID,Address,Address2,City,State,Zip,Country,AddressType,StartDate,
EndDate,MailTo
WHERE (A.MailTo=1) AND (A.EndDate Is Null OR DatePart(mm,A.Enddate) >= DatePart(mm,GETDATE()) AND DatePart(dd,A.Enddate) >= DatePart(dd,GETDATE()))
Thank you for any help!
Hi,
I am working on a project involving text searching. I created a fulltext catalog on the database and scheduled it for every one minute. I created a fulltext index on a table and added some columns. I scheduled it as the database catalog. I ran a simple query like this in the query analyzer but got an error message that the catalog does not exist!
SELECT * FROM tbl_extra_skills WHERE CONTAINS(ITSkills, 'Word')
What am I doing wrongly?
I'm trying to do a simple ... SELECT ... FROM .... WHERE ... LIKE clause and i think my syntax is off. WHile using sql server ...... is the syntax
Where Name LIKE '%variable%' ??????
Or should I be using something differnent. Thank you in advance for any help.
hi alli need to create a sql statement that receives some values - my doubt is only about how to build that sql statementi've heard something about IN clause but could not apply it - could someone give any sample?First page: I have a textbox with some emails e.g. a@a.com, b@b.com, c@c.com etcSecond page: SELECT * FROM Table1 WHERE Field = ... IN ???thanks in advance
View 1 Replies View RelatedHello,
I would like to create a "where in" clause on the fly. For example, if a user types into a text box three email address separated by a comma, I can not do a select on them because they are not strings - (adam@homebusiness.to, wanshark1@yahoo.com, test@test.com) <--- They should be ('adam@homebusiness.to', 'wanshark1@yahoo.com', 'test@test.com') Is there a sql function that tells the server that the stuff in parenthesis is a string? Thanks
we trying to use a UDF in Where Clause. This is taking too much of time. when we replaced the UDF with a subquery the query is fast.
Eg:
select Name, Designation, Address From Employee Where dbo.GetAge(EmpId) > 25
This is taking very long to fetch 12 records from 22,00,000 records.
When the same query has been converted to
select E.Name, E.Designation, E.Address From Employee E Where (select datediff("YY", EP.DOB, GETDATE()) from EmpPersonaldetail EP where EP.Empid= E.EmpId)
this gets executed very fast.
What could be the reason?
Pls help.
Hi,
I'm desperatly trying to make a query (inside a stored procedure which handles diferent tables and columns for each time) on which I have a variable as the table name. The problem is that I cant make it with the variable. What I need to do is something like this:
select @max_value=MAX(COL_NAME(@tableID,@columnID))
from (and here is my problem) @table(or @tableId or something :confused: )
I already tried with OBJECT_NAME but i can't do it, and there's no way i can know the table's name 'cause the idea is to perform the procedure to several tables.
Thanks in advance,
Trillium
I have a 3rd party app which generates the following in it's where clause. COnsidering all the ROJ's on this table, would it not be better to put the definitive part
"AND pe.enc_id = '8E487A58-E53A-42B3-8D0E-07AA1BE2E5E5'" before the joins, or does it really make a difference?
WHERE physical_exam_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id AND
immunization_mast_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id AND intk_trnf_master_.enc_id
=* pe.enc_id AND vital_signs_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id AND
med_sys_rev_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id AND tb_isolation_.enc_id
=* pe.enc_id AND zinmate_encounter_.enc_id
=* pe.enc_id AND intk_trnf_master8_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id AND pe_head_neck_.enc_id
=* pe.enc_id AND pe_eye_exam_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id AND pe_ears_.enc_id
=* pe.enc_id AND pe_throat_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id AND pe_skin_.enc_id
=* pe.enc_id AND pe_cardio_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id AND
pe_musculoskeletl_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id AND pe_neurological_.enc_id
=* pe.enc_id AND pe_breast_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id
AND pe_lymph_new_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id AND pe_abdomnl_.enc_id
=* pe.enc_id AND pe_male_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id AND pe_female_.enc_id
=* pe.enc_id AND pe_proctological_.enc_id =* pe.enc_id
AND pe.enc_id = '8E487A58-E53A-42B3-8D0E-07AA1BE2E5E5'
Can conditional tests be placed in the WHERE clause of a stored procedure?
If so, an example please! Thank you very much.
Hi, I just wanted to ask if this statement is right:
strSQL="SELECT * FROM Bidder WHERE 'BIDDER_ID=" & strBidderID & "' and 'BIDDER_ACCOUNT_ACTIVATED=yes' AND 'BIDDER_STATUS=UNBLOCKED';"
Can we give AND a number of times in a WHERE CLAUSE?